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No 10 (2024)
Articles
Technological Sovereignty for Industrial Housing Construction at the InterConPan-2024 Conference in Khabarovsk
Abstract
The XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference «InterConPan-2024: innovations for industrial housing construction», which was held in Khabarovsk, was attended by more than 160 specialists of house-building enterprises and design organizations, representatives of machine-building and engineering companies, construction and investment companies, software suppliers, scientists from universities and research institutes from 22 regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the People’s Republic of China. The organizers of the event are JSC TSNIIEP Zhilishcha (Moscow) and the joint editorial board of the magazines «Construction Materials»® and «Housing Construction» (Moscow) with the support of the Committee of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on Entrepreneurship in the field of construction and the Ministry of Construction of the Khabarovsk Territory.The general sponsor of the event was the company REKON-SMK (Republic of Chuvashia). The permanent partner of the conference is Petro Building Systems LLC (St. Petersburg). The partners are the RODEN Center for Mechanical Engineering and Metalworking (Novosibirsk). Three companies became partners of the event for the first time – M-Constructor (Velikiye Luki, Pskov region), INARBI (Moscow), STAINBLOK (Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan).
3-12
Operation convenience, production flexibility and functionality of modern technological complexes for bench manufacturing of reinforced concrete products
Abstract
Privolzhsky Center for Construction Technologies, or PC CT for short, is a leading developer and manufacturer of universal, unified and power thermostands. We are a busy company, which has been professionally carrying out projects of industrial modernization and creation of new enterprises of the precast reinforced concrete construction industry «turnkey» since 2002 Our customers are reinforced concrete products and reinforced concrete structures plants, house-building plants DSK, KPD, KSM and even OBD, producing a variety of nomenclature of reinforced concrete products for civil, industrial, transport or special construction. Depending on the tasks set by customers, we offer solutions of various scales and stages of implementation.
13-15
Individual housing construction from reinforced panels
17-19
Features of mathematical modeling of in-line conveyor line for manufacturing of large-size reinforced concrete modules in the conditions of production base
Abstract
The paper investigates the problems of serial production of large-size modular structures using robotic conveyor lines. One of the objectives, the results of which are described in this paper, is to identify the most rational scheme of production flows, taking into account the convergence and divergence of flows. The evaluation of the concept of the technological complex of the created high-tech production is carried out by means of simulation modeling. At the first stage, a mathematical model of the existence of an in-line conveyor line is developed. Recommendations are given to ensure the compliance of the cycle duration with the calculated values during the transition from the simulation model to the conditions of real production. To ensure compliance of the cycle duration with the calculated values during the transition from the simulation model to the conditions of real production, a number of recommendations are formulated. The results of the research conducted in the paper allow to make decisions when designing the serial production of large-size modules with the area up to 100 and more square meters, as the conducted calculations allow to determine the number of necessary workplaces in the future production and comprehensively assess their load. The developed simulation model allows to determine the duration of the production cycle from the moment of launching the product into production to the output of finished products.
20-23
Elimination of defects and errors in the modernization of the reinforcement shop at the design stage
Abstract
The Russian construction industry is actively developing even against the background of the negative impact of a number of global factors. Achieving technological sovereignty is a priority task of our time. Modernization and optimization of production processes are among the main tasks for maintaining the dynamics of the industry’s development.For many factories of reinforced concrete products, large panel housing construction, volumetric-block housing construction, house building plants an additional objective obstacle to maintaining and increasing the pace is the personnel issue.The lack of required specialists, the high cost of even low-skilled employees, direct enterprises to the path of improvement and automation of basic production processes.It is noted that in modern conditions this is a correct and promising solution, which was previously postponed by the management of construction industry enterprises for various reasons.
24-27
Stages in the development of the architectural typology of panel residential buildings in Nizhny Novgorod
Abstract
The historical stages of the development of housing panel construction in Nizhny Novgorod (from October 7, 1932 to October 22, 1990 – Gorky) are considered. The periods of the series are highlighted: from the 1950s to the mid-1960s; from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s; from the middle. 1970s to the late 1970s; from the 1980s to the 1990s; from the early 2000s to the mid-2020s.The application of standard projects of a series of residential buildings is analyzed, the transformation of their planning structure and appearance is revealed.The article considers such common series and their variations as 1-464 A, 1-464A-20 And, 1-464D, 1-464 H, 1-464 DM, E-600. Conclusions are drawn about changes in the planning structure: improvement of the dimensions of rooms, increase in the area of kitchens, introduction of separate bathrooms, change in the predominant number of rooms in the apartment, the appearance of a studio apartment.The tendency to increase the number of floors, the transformation of the silhouette, the use of decorative elements on the facade and the rejection of them, the strengthening of the role of glass and the color scheme of the facade is revealed.In the urban planning aspect, there has been a change in the main urban development unit from a microdistrict to a residential complex.The analysis noted both a decrease in the rate of construction of panel residential buildings at the end of the twentieth century, and the stimulation of further development of panel housing construction in Nizhny Novgorod at the beginning of the XXI century.
28-36
The need to revise SP 131.13330.2020 “Construction climatology” for the design of urban human habitat
Abstract
The results of the analysis of the provision of the territories of the Russian Federation with weather stations providing climatic information necessary for the design of buildings and development area are presented. The conducted research made it possible to establish that a significant part of the country’s territories are insufficiently provided with climate information, because since the 1990s about 30% of the weather stations presented in SNiP 23-01–99 “Construction Climatology” have been closed. Many stations that stopped providing climate information were removed from the document. And only in 2023, 9 stations were added to the Set of Rules in the newly attached territories of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions. As a result, the Code of Rules presents specialized climate parameters for 440 localities. However, for the territory of Russia with an area of 17,100 thousand km2, such a network density of weather stations is insufficient and currently it is necessary to expand the list of weather stations in SP 131.13330.2020 “Construction Climatology”. To ensure the process of designing the human habitat and providing the necessary climatic information, during the revision of SP 131.13330.2020 “Construction Climatology”, the provision of all regions of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation with weather stations was considered, the location of existing and ceased to provide climatic data of weather stations was analyzed, the sufficiency and insufficiency of providing regions with weather stations receiving climatic data for calculating specialized climatic parameters was assessed, used in the design and construction of buildings and structures, as well as recommended weather stations for inclusion in the Code of Rules of SP 131.13330.2020 “Building climatology”.
37-43
The necessity of revising current insolati on standards in architectural practice
Abstract
In architectural practice, a stable understanding has developed about the positive aspect of insolation of premises and territories, which consists in the sanitization of premises with the UV part of the spectrum, erythema effect on humans, thermal effect on buildings, and regulation of building density. An analysis of the current insolation standards is given to take into account each of the above factors. It is shown that most of them are not only not taken into account, but the very ideology of the positive impact of insolation of premises and territories is lost. The identified problems and contradictions suggest the need to revise the current insolation standards. A method for determining calendar dates for excluding insolation based on the duration of overheating of a room in the summer is proposed. Examples of architectural solutions are given in which the current insolation standards and calculation methods conflict with each other. Justifications are proposed for revising the standards for insolation of premises and territories while maintaining the required building density.
44-51
Automation of the process of passing the state examination of civil construction projects using a domestic software package
Abstract
The analysis of the relationship between the ICC specification and Renga software is presented, as well as an analysis of existing IFC mapping automation solutions in Renga software according to the requirements of state expertise.Two approaches to automation have been identified – the integration of Renga and Dynamo software and software automation through the Renga API. At the same time, both considered approaches have their advantages and can be used depending on the specific needs and qualifications of specialists, however, the first approach has more significant disadvantages. Based on the analysis, a prototype system is proposed – a plugin for automating the mapping process, the work of which can be divided into several stages: set the IFC class of the element in the Renga software; in accordance with the structure of the parameter mapping file, one of three immutable groups of parameters is specified: “attributes”; “psets”; “qsets”; in accordance with the requirements of a certain examination, sets of parameters for the corresponding IFC class are indicated; in accordance with the requirements of a certain examination, the attributes themselves are set. For clarity, a detailed diagram of user actions is provided. The proposed tool can serve as a separate development or as a basis for software modernization.
52-60
Comparative assessment of requirements imposed on premises for the placement of high-precision production facilities
Abstract
The fundamental principles of design and criteria for the placement of high-precision equipment intended for the production of microelectronic components and the study of micron and submicron structures are considered.The main aspect of the article is focused on protection from vibration of natural and man-made origin, which is present in almost any construction site. The main goal of vibration minimization is to prevent the occurrence of oscillations that can distort measurement data and disrupt the operation of high-precision equipment, such as electron microscopes, lithographic installations and nanometer control systems. The modern requirement for vibration is the maximum permissible vibration velocity from 3 μm/s to 0.5μm/s or less, depending on the equipment and research purposes. The article analyzes the requirements of domestic and foreign regulatory and advisory documents for base vibration levels in places where high-precision equipment is installed. The results of measurements and assessment of vibration levels at a typical facility are presented in accordance with the specified requirements.
61-66
An indicator of the uniformity of the distribution of the areas of green areas of common use
Abstract
The developing sustainability of cities is closely linked to ensuring the balance of green areas of common use. It has been scientifically proven that the effects of green zones are significant for both the environment and the population. An urgent task of the territorial and spatial organization of the city and its administrative-territorial units is a strategic assessment of the uniformity of the distribution of green areas of common use.The working hypothesis is the assumption that using the Kulback–Leibler distance, it is possible to accurately describe the degree of unevenness of the distribution of the areas of green areas of public use relative to the areas of the administrative-territorial units of the city and the resident population. The areas of green spaces of common use and administrative-territorial units of the cities of Berlin, Moscow and St. Petersburg are studied. It was established that the distribution of the areas of the open public green spaces in Berlin is close to uniform, the distribution of the areas of the city’s territorial units is uneven, in Moscow it is the opposite, and in St. Petersburg the distribution of both the areas of open public green spaces and the districs are uneven. The indicator of uniformity of distribution of the areas of open public green spaces relative to the land management of the city, developed by the authors, calculated on the basis of a dimensionless value – the Kullback–Leibler distance, makes it possible to evaluate and compare the degree of unevenness of the distribution of the areas of open public green spaces relative to the areas of territorial units, in the territories of which they are located, both for the city and between cities. The indicator may be in demand at the stage of making management decisions to ensure total area of open public green spaces during urban planning of the city territory and its administrative-territorial units.
67-71
Project of functional zoning of the territory of Lianozovsky park in Moscow
Abstract
Classifying the factors that cause anthropogenic impact on natural complexes and their consequences, three main types can be identified: mechanical, physico-chemical, and biological. One of the applied approaches in the work is to ensure compliance with the maximum recreational loads on the projected tourist routes of the “Lianozovsky Park” Park of Culture and Recreation. The work pays attention to the condition of management and organization of the recreational function, which is aimed at regulating the potential number of visitors based on the proposed regulations on the use of appropriate functional subzones calculated by the authors. The number of visitors to the natural and anthropogenic tourist complex (NATC) was determined, a comparative analysis of the recreational load for compliance with the normative value was carried out, a functional zoning project was proposed, including the design of three subzones of various functional purposes and a mode of their use was proposed.
72-77