No 3 (2025)

Experience of low-rise residential houses design and construction built from factory-made reinforced concrete panel items is considered. It is noted that in this type of housing construction house-building plant and large-panel housing construction plants products is widely used. However, in most cases, products for multi-storey construction panel buildings are used directly for low-rise cottages. This approach is ineffective for many reasons, but mainly due to size and weight of the used products. The variant design made it possible to set optimized parameters for the length, height and weight of the exterior and interior walls load-bearing panels. Use of the double-layer exterior wall panels is the main technique that reduces buildings weight and allows variability of low-rise buildings facade finishes. The third layer exclusion makes it possible to reduce the exterior panels weight by 20–30%, increase the products length to 8.5 m, and reduce number of mounting elements in one- and two-story buildings by 25–50%, depending on the number of floors and buildings under construction spatial planning solutions. The above optimized product parameters for the low-rise panel buildings were tested during construction of 6 two-storey buildings with the area of 147 and 180 m² in the Moscow region in 2022–2024. Based on these houses building experience effectiveness of their construction is shown. Usage of double–layer exterior wall panels with optimized parameters of other house kit products allows reducing the cost of one cottage house by 0.8–1 million rubles.

Rail transport is one of the main sources of vibroacoustic impact on the surrounding area. Provision of comfortable living environment for the population is one of the priority tasks of engineering, technical and socio-economic importance. At the same time, construction of over-track buildings and structures within the boundaries of influence of linear objects can become one of the promising directions of urban environment development. However, the close location of the source of rail transport makes their use difficult. Fast and accurate prediction of vibration levels caused by train operation, its impact on the environment and effective recommendations for comprehensive vibration reduction and isolation design are the basis for promoting rapid and favourable development of rail transport.

This article presents the results of a study that substantiates the provisions of a methodology for conducting terrestrial photogrammetric surveys of unfinished construction objects using a dual-camera system. The relevance of this work stems from the necessity of obtaining reliable information about the actual condition of structural elements at unfinished construction sites, which is important for making decisions regarding necessary actions for restoration, demolition, or conservation of the object. For the study, a terrestrial photogrammetric survey was carried out using a dual-camera photogrammetric system on an unfinished construction object. The variable parameters considered in performing and processing the photogrammetric survey were shooting frequency, method of image alignment, and the application of an optimization procedure. The results obtained showed that to ensure successful image alignment, it is necessary to consider the minimum required shooting distance between frames and to apply an optimization procedure based on the accurate coordinates of the centers of reference images. The use of general pre-selection during image alignment allows for the best results in terms of the final model’s accuracy. The conclusions drawn enable the formulation of the main provisions of a methodology for conducting terrestrial photogrammetric surveys of unfinished construction objects using a dual-camera system, ensuring the acquisition of three-dimensional models for subsequent analysis of the technical condition of structural elements.

The relevance of the study is related to the need to ensure maximum accuracy in determining the heat transfer coefficients on the surfaces of fences and other objects while ensuring the calculated parameters of the indoor climate in buildings under the Law of the Russian Federation “Technical Regulations on the Safety of buildings and structures” and the updated version of SP 50. The subject of the study is the dependence of the coefficient of surface heat transfer on the dimensionless excess temperature for a body with high effective thermal conductivity and a homogeneous temperature field when it cools down in an unlimited air volume under conditions of heat dissipation mainly due to natural convection. The purpose of the study is to obtain an approximate analytical expression of this dependence, confirmed by the results of field experiments, which allows for a more accurate calculation of the coefficients of internal heat transfer in a room, especially in non-stationary mode. The objective of the study is to build a simplified mathematical model of the cooling process of a body in an air volume, identify the main factors affecting the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the body, and obtain the necessary numerical coefficients in formulas linking the desired and initial parameters. Materials and research methods used. A mathematical description of the process of lowering body temperature over time with a constant coefficient of external heat transfer and in the case of its power dependence on the current temperature difference between the surface of the body and the air is used, which allows you to choose the type of dependence and select numerical coefficients in it based on comparison with experimental temperature measurements during the cooling of the body using a digital thermometer for known time points. The results of experimental measurements of the cooling of two objects – with a significant and insignificant proportion of the radiant component in the total heat exchange are presented. It is shown that even with a significant predominance of convective heat transfer, the calculation of cooling processes with sufficient accuracy for engineering practice in most cases can be performed without taking into account changes in the heat transfer coefficient. The presentation is illustrated with numerical and graphical examples.