Variability of body condition of the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in the vicinity of the Middle Ural copper smelter

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Abstract

Abstract – The variability of the body condition of pied flycatchers breeding near the Middle Ural copper smelter (MUCS) and in the background area in 1996–2023, a period of significant reduction in industrial emissions, was analyzed. The body condition index (BCI) of females was not related to the level of environmental pollution. The lower BCI of males near the MUCS compared to the background area was apparently due to the displacement of the low-quality individuals into transformed habitats. The BCI of yearlings was less than that of older birds, especially in females incubating early and late clutches. The BCI of incubating females increased with increasing clutch size and breeding density. The BCI of birds decreased with increasing date of breeding (females only), air temperature at the nestling stage and brood size.

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About the authors

E. A. Bel’skii

Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: belskii@ipae.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

A. G. Lyakhov

Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: belskii@ipae.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

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2. Fig. 1. Location of sites with artificial nests in the vicinity of SUMZ: 1 – settlements; 2 – highway; 3 – river; 4 – SUMZ; 5 – sites (circles – sites in deciduous forest, triangles – sites in coniferous forest); unpainted, gray and black icons – background, buffer and impact zones, respectively.

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of the body weight of females (a) and males (b) of the pied flycatcher on the age of the chicks. The day of hatching is taken as 0: to the left of zero is the stage of incubation of the clutch, to the right is the stage of feeding the chicks.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the ISO of females at the incubation and feeding stage on the dates of the start of laying (a) and hatching of chicks (b). Here and in Figs. 4–6: 1 – young; 2 – older individuals; shaded area – 95% CI.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the ISO of females at the stage of incubation and feeding on the size of the clutch (a) and brood (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Dependence of the ISO of females at the incubation stage (a) and feeding (b) on the nesting density.

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7. Fig. 6. Dependence of ISO of females at the incubation stage (a) and feeding (b) on air temperature 10 days before capture.

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