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No 6 (2024)
Articles
Current distribution and ecological-phytocoenotic characteristic of the invasive species imratiens glаndulifеrа rоulе in the southern urals
Abstract
Abstract – The distribution of the invasive species Impatiens glandulifera in the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan) is considered. The species is wild from ornamental culture and actively naturalizes in shady coastal and anthropogenic ecotopes, mainly in forest-steppe and nemoral-forest zones of the Urals. Sixty-two localities of the species in 28 districts of the republic have been identified. Cenoses with its dominance have been described within the Epilobietea angustifolii class, association Calystegio sepium–Impatientetum glanduliferae, two subassociations C. s.–I. g. menthetosum longifolii and C. s.–I. g. arctietosum tomentosi and five variants. Using ecological scales, ecological preferences and leading factors influencing the differentiation of communities with the participation of species were determined: mechanical composition, structure, soil richness, moisture, and climate continentality.
409-417
Effect of lighting conditions on the reproductive success of platanthera bifolia (l.) Rich. (orchidaceae) on the northern border of the range (komi republic)
Abstract
Abstract – The influence of illumination conditions on the reproductive characteristics of the rare orchid Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich has been studied on the territory of the Komi Republic, where the species is located on the northern border of its range. In 2023, five populations of the species were surveyed in habitats with varying of the level of canopy closure (from 6.5 to 82.3%). It was revealed that according to the gradient of increasing of the level of canopy closure, there is a decrease in the values of some indicators of reproductive success – the number of flowers, the proportion of generative plants and the main indicators of seed productivity.
418-424
Morphological variability of two closely related orchis species in different growing conditions
Abstract
Abstract – The morphological characters variability structure of two closely related species (Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl. and O. purpurea Huds.) in forest and steppe communities was studied. In total, six cenopopulations were researched during 2015–2023. An analysis of the variability of 12 morphological characters in 375 generative individuals of O. punctulata and 356 generative individuals of O. purpurea was carried out. We used the following methods: correlated, principal component, linear discriminant. It was found that growing conditions influence the majority (58%) of O. punctulata morphological characters, and do not influence the vast majority (83%) of O. purpurea characters. Ordination by the methods of principal components and discriminant analysis convincingly separates O. punctulata population samples from forest and steppe communities. Population samples of O. purpurea from forest and steppe communities were morphologically homogeneous. The morphological variability specifics of these two closely related species could be explained by different mechanisms of life strategies formation
418-424
Variability of body condition of the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in the vicinity of the Middle Ural copper smelter
Abstract
Abstract – The variability of the body condition of pied flycatchers breeding near the Middle Ural copper smelter (MUCS) and in the background area in 1996–2023, a period of significant reduction in industrial emissions, was analyzed. The body condition index (BCI) of females was not related to the level of environmental pollution. The lower BCI of males near the MUCS compared to the background area was apparently due to the displacement of the low-quality individuals into transformed habitats. The BCI of yearlings was less than that of older birds, especially in females incubating early and late clutches. The BCI of incubating females increased with increasing clutch size and breeding density. The BCI of birds decreased with increasing date of breeding (females only), air temperature at the nestling stage and brood size.
434-445
Wild animals and vehicles – analysis of development of a conflict: case of sverdlovsk region
Abstract
Abstract –The dynamics of the number of road accidents with wild animals in the Sverdlovsk region for the period from 2012 to 2022 was analyzed. The species composition of the animals is sharply shifted towards pair-horned ungulates. The increase in the number of collisions with roe deer and moose is faster than the increase in the number of species by an average of 3.1 times. The seasonal peak of incidents occurs in May-July for moose and Siberian roe deer and in October for wild boar. A strong correlation was found between the number of road incidents, roe deer and moose numbers and vehicle density on roads. The rate of increase in animal populations is 31 and 33% (for roe deer and moose, respectively) of the rate of increase in the number of accidents, while the rate of increase in vehicle density on roads is 7.5–9.9%. It is suggested that the impact of animal population growth on the change in the number of accidents is higher than the impact of the change in traffic intensity.
446-456
Bivariance in the size structure of sable and pine marten populations: gene flow or introgression?
Abstract
Abstract – A comparative analysis of the size structure of 24 population groups of sable and pine marten is performed using two museum pools of craniometric data: the first is based on a set of 17 standard features, and the second is based on a new feature Δ (“delta”), proposed by us to determine the two species by the skull. Each pool contains more than 3 thousand specimens. Three groups of features have been identified: four features by which the sable is always larger than the marten; five features by which the marten surpasses the sable at any point of the range; the main group is represented by 7 features with special variation: in transgression areas their values are higher for sable, and in “pure” areas, on the contrary, for pine marten. In hybridization areas, the size parameters of sable increase, and, on the contrary, for marten decrease, leading to their partial convergence. Each species demonstrates two variants of the size structure: one is realized in allopatric groups (the sable has smaller sizes), the second is observed in sympatry areas (the sable, on the contrary, is larger), but the convergence of the parameters is not absolute – statistically significant differences in size between the species are preserved. The described phenomenon of bivariant size structure is most likely the result of limited introgression in the sympatry zone. For the Δ trait, a high level of intersexual differences was revealed, exceeding the usual values by 3–4 times: 28% in the marten and 30.5% in the sable. In this dimension, the marten exceeds the sable by 33–36%.
457-469
Effect of weather conditions during post-diapause development of black-veined white aporia crataegi l. (lepidoptera: pieridae) on the variation of wing venation
Abstract
Abstract – The work studied the effects of air temperature and precipitation during the post-diapause development of preimaginal stages, as well as wing size, on the occurrence of deviations from normal wing venation in Aporia crataegi. Samples collected from a natural population in the southern Sverdlovsk region from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed. The occurrence of wing venation abnormalities was shown to be depend on weather conditions during the development of larvae and pupae in spring, as well as the size of the adults. Some variants were more frequent in years with cold and rainy springs, while the occurrence of others was not dependent on the weather. Certain wing venation abnormalities were more common in small adults, while others were more common in larger individuals. The results obtained indicate a variable degree of canalization and sensitivity of wing vein development in Aporia crataegi to the effects of environmental factors.
470-482