Housing Construction
Periodical scientific and technical journal.
Editor-in-Chief
- Elena Yumasheva, engineer chemist-technologist, Member of the Union of Journalists of Russia, Honored Builder of Russia
Publisher
- Advertising publishing company "STROYMATERIALY"
Founder
- AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha»
Frequence
- 12 issues per year
Language of manuscripts
- russian
Indexation
- Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI)
- CrossRef
- Google Scholar
- Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
- WorldCat
About journal
Publishing since 1958.
The Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo (Housing Construction) Journal is a monthly edition; founded in 1955 to cover the state technical policy in the field of construction industry and building materials industry. For more than half a century the journal covers the main stages of formation and development of more than twenty sub-sectors of the building materials industry, the most important discoveries and inventions in the field of materials science, engineering and technology.
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No 7 (2024)
Articles
A method for calculating natural lighting in school classrooms with a solid cloudy sky
Abstract
The proposed method for calculating natural lighting in school classrooms makes it possible to more accurate calculate the illumination, taking into account the complex geometry of the premises and the characteristics of the cloudy sky. It is known that the presence of natural light strengthens the immune system and the psychological state of pupils. Taking into account the distribution of brightness across the sky makes it possible to more accurately calculate the luminous flux entering the room. The results of calculations are presented in the form of graphs, diagrams and visualizations that make the information clear and understandable. It is shown that taking into account the uneven distribution of the brightness of the firmament in cloudy skies makes it possible to more accurately calculate the luminous flux entering the school classroom through window openings and gives higher results (at least 10% than the calculation using the traditional method of SP 367.1325800.2017 “Residential and public buildings. Rules for the design of natural and combined lighting”).
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Field studies of solar radiation transmission by glazing with multifunctional coatings
Abstract
In order to reduce energy consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, multi-functional and sun-protective glazing is installed in translucent faсades. In this case, the coefficient of transmittance of visible light and solar radiation is used in calculations of the coefficient of natural illumination of building premises and incoming solar radiation. These coefficients are determined at normal incidence of solar radiation on the glazing, according to normative documents. However, in real conditions, the angle of incidence is different from the normal angle of incidence. National and foreign research works on this issue have been carried out in laboratory conditions, while in fieldwork the effects related to the physical processes of interaction of radiation with sun-protective coatings may appear. At present, research is being carried out in NIISF RAASN to determine the empirical dependence of transmittance coefficients of glazing with special coatings on the angle of incidence of sunlight. This paper is part of this research and deals with the determination under in-situ conditions of the transmittance of solar radiation in the visible range by glazing with multifunctional and sun-protective coatings as a function of its orientation on the sides of light.
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Prospects of using artificiallntelligence to solve problems ofconstruction physics
Abstract
В Москве состоялась научная конференция – XV Академические чтения, посвященные памяти академика РААСН Осипова Г.Л., «Актуальные вопросы строительной физики. Энергосбережение. Надежность строительных конструкций и экологическая безопасность. Искусственный интеллект», которую проводит НИИСФ РААСН при поддержке Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук, Министерства строительства и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Российской Федерации. В работе конференции приняли участие более двухсот высококвалифицированных специалистов в области надежности и долговечности строительных конструкций, строительной и архитектурной акустики, строительной теплофизики и энергосбережения, светотехники, водоснабжения и водоотведения, инженерных сетей зданий, градостроительной деятельности и искусственного интеллекта.
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Designing a device for determining the resistance of roofing materials to impact of hail
Abstract
The territory of the Russian Federation can be divided into areas characterized by varying degrees of hail hazard. Most of them are occupied by territories with a low degree of hail hazard. The southern territories of Russia are located in an elevated hail fallout zone and are an important part of the country’s economy. Roofs and facades of buildings and structures also fall under the influence of hail, which leads them to an inoperable and emergency condition. Facade panels, light openings, roofing, drains, ventilation shafts, parapets fall under the blows of hail. GOST R 57414–2017 “Roofing and waterproofing flexible bitumen-containing and polymer materials (thermoplastic and elastomeric)” describes a method for determining resistance to impact of hail. In accordance with it, an installation for testing roofing materials was prepared. The work of a pneumatic device simulating hail, which will later be called a “HAIL CANNON”, has been studied.
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On the issue of the possibility of analytical calculation of the noise level in sports arenas
Abstract
In the acoustic design of modern sports and entertainment facilities, the development of a set of measures to ensure acoustic comfort conditions in them is based on the consistent calculation of measures to protect against noise and acoustic finishing of the room. At the same time, calculations of noise protection means are aimed at meeting the requirements for sound insulation of enclosing structures and noise control from the operation of engineering equipment. However, even the complete achievement of acceptable noise levels from all these sources is a necessary, but far from sufficient condition for fully ensuring acceptable acoustic comfort conditions in a sports and entertainment facility in terms of the noise load of the public during various events. The analysis of the real noise situation at sports and entertainment facilities of various functional purposes, air volume and capacity is carried out. It is shown that when sports and entertainment facilities are massively filled with spectators, when sports or concert and entertainment events are held in them, the noise background is mainly determined by the so-called “human factor”, which is formed by the active acoustic participation of spectators, athletes, artists and staff during the event. Based on the representations of statistical and geometric theories of the formation of sound fields, analytical methods for calculating real noise levels in closed, semi-open and open sports and entertainment facilities have been developed.
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Numerical method for calculating noise in flat rooms with partitions of incomplete height
Abstract
In office premises, it is customary to place operators’ seats in cabins made of partitions of incomplete height. The device of the cabins ensures the confidentiality of communication between the client and the operator and improves speech intelligibility. At the same time, the presence of partitions of this type significantly affects the distribution of sound energy compared to its distribution in a room without partitions. In addition to the fact that partitions shield direct sound coming from neighboring workplaces, they also significantly affect the formation and distribution of reflected sound energy in the general space of the office space. For this reason, at the design stage of office premises with workplaces separated by partitions of incomplete height, it is necessary to make noise calculations taking into account the presence of partitions in them. For this purpose, the article proposes a calculation method that makes it possible to take into account the redistribution of reflected sound energy that occurs during the installation of partitions. The method has been tested experimentally and can be used in office premises belonging to flat-proportioned rooms.
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Systematization of the conceptual apparatus of manufacturability of building systems in scientific and methodological literature
Abstract
The article provides a review of interpretations of the term manufacturability and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of manufacturability of building systems in scientific and methodological literature. The concept of manufacturability in the field of science and technic is regulated primarily for product designs in industry, for example, mechanical engineering. In the construction industry, the term of manufacturability is not enshrined in any regulatory, technical or methodological document, while in scientific research by domestic scientists, the formulations of this concept vary and do not have a systematic approach. The authors highlight the manufacturability of building structures, design solutions, construction and repair work, and operation of buildings and structures. For each type, quantitative and qualitative assessment indicators of the level of manufacturability have been determined, specifying the individual focus of the process or design, without forming a comprehensive conceptual apparatus for the manufacturability of building systems.
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Experimental studies of heat gain into building premises through wooden building envelopes in summer
Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out to measure heat input into the premises of buildings with wooden envelops in the summer. Two types of wooden building envelopes were studied: solid wood (log frame) and a wall insulated with mineral wool based on a wooden frame with a ventilated facade made of metal siding. The structures differ in thermal inertia and the magnitude of thermal resistance. As a result of the research, it was established that in the summer, for a solid wood constraction, the maximums and minimums of the heat flux density into the room are shifted relative to the maximums and minimums of temperature fluctuations on the external surface for a time of about 6.5 hours. Maximum heating of the room occurs in the evening around 9–10 pm. The minimum air temperature is reached around 9–10 am. For a frame wall, the shift in the maximum and minimum heat flux density is about 2 hours, which is due to the much lower thermal inertia of such a structure. The measured daily fluctuations in inner air temperature are at the level of 2оС, while for a room with a solid wood wall can reach 5оС, which is associated with the higher heat-insulating properties of the frame wall. The characteristic values of the density of heat flows entering the premises were: 2.0 W/m2 for a solid wood wall and -0.2 W/m2 for a frame wall.
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