Transformable Fire Barriers for Filling Openings (Overview)

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Abstract

The review of scientific and technical literature on the problem of ensuring fire safety of public and industrial buildings by dividing rooms into fire compartments using transformable fire barriers (TFB), as well as by protecting openings with transformable fire fillings is presented. The general classification of TFB is presented, the requirements for TFB are described, the use cases of various types of TFB and their design features are considered. Engineering solutions for transformable fire shelters, as well as mobile fire barriers, are presented. It has been established that the fire resistance limit of TFB is higher when used in combination with water irrigation, but the disadvantage of the system is the high consumption of coolant (from 0.12 liters/s of water per 1 linear meter of opening width), which, in addition to material costs, also has a destructive effect on finishing materials and building structures. A possible way to solve these problems is to use various fillers in the working cloth that emit inert or extinguishing gases, but this method needs additional verification in the form of modeling and physical experiments.

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About the authors

M. V. Gravit

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: marina.gravit@mail.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor 

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

D. E. Shabunina

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: d.shabunina00@gmail.com

Engineer 

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

I. L. Kotlyarskaya

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: iravassilek@mail.ru

Junior Researcher 

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

O. V. Nedryshkin

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: nedryshkin@gmail.com

Applicant 

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

A. V. Cherkashin

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: jizm@mail.ru

Leading engineer

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Transformable fire barriers using the example of a transformable fire curtain

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3. Fig. 2. Transformable rolling fire gates (Fire gates: types, requirements and selection rules. Available online: https://fireman.club/statyi-polzovateley/protivopozharnyie-vorota-vidyi-konstruktsiya-trebovaniya/)

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4. Fig. 3. Transformable fire gates: a – sliding; b – sliding; c – lowering [16]

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5. Fig. 4. Application of fire curtains: a – dividing the atrium; b – fastening to the column; c – staircase compartment; d – fireproof fabric

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6. Fig. 5. Transformable fire barrier to protect tunnel-type structures

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7. Fig. 6. Transformable fire shelter: a – in the process of limiting the source of fire; b – fully lowered

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8. Fig. 7. Fireproof shelter

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9. Fig. 8. Technology of gas fire extinguishing with fire curtains: a – before a fire occurs; b – during a fire

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10. Fig. 9. Scheme of a mobile fire barrier

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11. Fig. 10. Material options for fire curtain fabric

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12. Fig. 11. The fabric under test during the time interval: a – before the start of the test; b – at the 10th minute of fire exposure; c – at the 60th minute of fire exposure

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13. Fig. 12. Multilayer fire curtain: a – side view; b – general view

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14. Fig. 13. General view of structures with multilayer fireproof covers

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15. Fig. 14. Design of fire curtains: a – roller blind; b – roller blind with water irrigation system

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16. Fig. 15. Housing installation options: a – on the wall; b – on the ceiling; c – on a suspension

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17. Fig. 16. Fire-resistant roller blinds: a – rigid; b – with flexible cut-off rail

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