Sources of non-ferrous metals in North-Eastern Rus in the 11th-13th centuries AD based on the results of lead isotopic analysis

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The article discusses the results of lead isotope analysis of 43 non-ferrous metal objects from the 11th–13th centuries AD from rural sites of Suzdal Opolye and settlements in the Murom area. As a result of comparison of the obtained data with the available databases of lead isotope values of archaeological objects from various collections and ore samples, it was established that most of the copper-based alloy items were made of copper obtained in Westphalia and Saxony. Probably, it came to North-Eastern Rus via the Baltic. The lead of many low-melting ornaments comes from Polish deposits in the Krakow region. It seems that the use of the results of lead isotope analysis in metal objects is a promising direction in medieval metal studies opening up access to many previously unexplored aspects of medieval economic and cultural history.

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Sobre autores

S. Merkel

Vrije Universiteit

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: swmerkel@hotmail.com
Países Baixos, Amsterdam

I. Zaitseva

Institute of Archaeology of the RAS

Email: izaitseva@yandex.ru
Rússia, Moscow

A. Chugaev

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the RAS

Email: vassachav@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Items made of copper-based alloy from Suzdal Opolye and Murom settlements

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3. Fig. 2. A comparison of objects made of copper-based alloy from Suzdal Opoye/Murom district with objects from Central Europe/Southern Scandinavia and the Mediterranean (1) and ores (2)

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4. Fig. 3. A comparison of objects made of copper-based metal from Suzdal Opolye and Murom district with copper-pyrite deposits of the Middle and Southern Urals

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5. Fig. 4. Objects made of low-melting alloys from Suzdal Opolye and Murom settlements

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6. Fig. 5. A comparison of objects made of low-melting alloys from Suzdal Opolye and Murom district with objects from Hedeby and Schleswig and materials from the shipwreck site in Serce Limani Bay in the Aegean Sea (1) and in Scandinavia (2)

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7. Fig. 6. A comparison of objects made of low-melting alloys from Suzdal Opolye and Murom district with lead ore from the Krakow region (1) and with ores from the main lead mining areas in Germany and England (2)

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8. Fig. 7. A comparison of the values of the model parameters (238U/204Pb = µ and 232Th/238U = κ according to the model Stacey, Kramers, 1975) of the metal sources for the Suzdal and Murom low-melting items with lead ores from the Krakow region’s deposits

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