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编号 7 (2024)
- 年: 2024
- 文章: 12
- URL: https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0585-430X/issue/view/9295
To Holding the XXIV International Conference of Manufacturers of Dry Building Mixes BALTIMIX-2024 (Perm, 20-23 August)
The Results of 2023 in the Market of Dry Building Mixes in Russia. Short-Term Forecast
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On the 80th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Valentinovich Ivanitsky
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The Influence of Potassium Sulfate, as Activator, on the Hardening Process of Insoluble Calcium Sulfate
摘要
A fairly large number of works by both Russian and foreign researchers have been devoted to the development of building materials based on anhydrite binders. An astringent based on insoluble anhydrite refers to slow-hardening. This fact often deters manufacturers of building materials from using this binder. To date, there are many activators for the hardening of insoluble anhydrite. The efficiency of accelerators depends on a number of factors. But there is no unambiguous explanation for the action of additives used to obtain anhydrite materials with optimal properties, and this problem needs a comprehensive study. The use of anhydrite in the production of building products and materials is a promising direction in construction, since anhydrite binder is an interchangeable local material and can be used instead of cement or gypsum binders.
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The Effectiveness of the MAPF® PE 5044 S RPE in Exterior Facade Insulation Systems
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Optimizing the Compositions of Plaster Mixtures Based on Gypsum Binder Using REOLIN RA 120
摘要
The issue of the limit of technical and economic optimization of dry building mixes compositions does not lose its relevance and remains one of the main and priority issues in the industry. One of the ways to solve this issue is to use the most advanced chemical additives that minimize the cost of mixtures while maintaining the characteristics of the products. This paper discusses the use of rheological additive REOLIN RA 120 to optimize the compositions of plaster mixtures based on gypsum binder. It is shown that the use of REOLIN RA 120 in gypsum compositions reduces the complexity of plastering by increasing the range of permissible water-solid ratio, reducing the consumption of dry mix and improving the surface texture. The algorithm of introducing the additive and its effect on the indicators characterizing the complexity of preparation, application, leveling of the solution and subsequent treatment of the plaster surface is described.
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Evaluation of the Durability of Dry Mix Compositions Based on Gypsum and Gypsum Cement for 3D Printing
摘要
The effectiveness of using 3D printing technology for the construction of exterior and interior walls, especially for low-rise residential and civil buildings of social purpose, is substantiated. The domestic experience in the construction of single-storey frameless buildings with load-bearing external walls printed on a 3D printer (with filling their internal space with inorganic insulation materials on a monolithic (foam concrete, foam gypsum) or backfill (expanded perlite, especially light expanded clay gravel) basis) is analyzed. The use of dry mixes on a gypsum and mixed basis for printing walls of low-rise buildings is justified for technological and economic reasons. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments to assess the durability of gypsum cement-pozzolan compositions (from dry mixtures) for 3D printing to change the temperature and humidity regime, it was established that the reason for the destruction and demolition of prototypes according to quantitative X-ray phase analysis was an increased content of ettringite during their hydration and hardening at a reduced temperature.
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Structure and Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Based on Gypsum-Cement-Pozzolan Dry Mortars for 3DCP
摘要
3D concrete printing (3DCP) is one of the most important priorities for the development of the construction industry around the world. Despite optimistic forecasts for the growth of additive construction technology in the long term, there are various risks that can influence the pace of this development, which are associated, first of all, with the need to develop the regulatory framework, train qualified personnel, create and improve equipment and materials for 3DCP – seal. There is a lot of research aimed at creating and developing the scientific basis for the design of concrete for construction 3D printing; compositions of dry mortars for additive manufacturing based on mineral binders, mainly cement, have been proposed; much less attention is paid to composites based on gypsum and mixed – gypsum-cement-pozzolan binders (GCPB). The purpose of this work is to study the structure and properties of fine-grained concrete for 3DCP based on gypsum-cement-pozzolan dry mortars. The molding of samples during experimental studies was carried out using the layer-by-layer extrusion method on a workshop construction 3D printer “AMT S-6044”. The rationality of using concrete with a ratio of GCPB:aggregate = 1:2 in the additive manufacturing technology with a sand fineness modulus of Mk 3 has been substantiated. A composition of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic concrete (GCPC) modified with a multifunctional complex additive has been developed, which allows increasing the compressive strength by 35.3%, water resistance – by 73% (up to 0.85) compared to the control unmodified composition. It has been established that modification of GCPB with the developed multifunctional complex additive leads to a decrease in the volume of open capillary pores by 20.5%, the volume of open non-capillary pores – by 66.7%, an increase in the volume of conditionally closed pores by 28.1%, and the microporosity index – from 0.22 to 0.89. The synergistic interaction of chemical additives in complex additive composition is confirmed by the results of studies performed to determine the electrokinetic potential on the surface of GCPB particles and the kinetics of heat release during its hydration.
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Modern concretes
Lightweight Concretes on Hollow and Porous Aggregates
摘要
One of the directions of development of concrete science is the combination of positive qualities of heavy and lightweight concretes. The problem of optimizing the structural properties of heavy concrete and the thermal properties of lightweight concrete is solved in a large number of scientific papers. In Russia, the most popular structural lightweight concretes are those based on expanded clay aggregate. Recently, there has been experience in reconstructing bridges made of lightweight concrete on hollow microspheres. Over the past 10 years, the possibilities for producing lightweight concrete with increased strength have improved significantly. The paper presents models demonstrating the features of the formation of the structure of lightweight concrete on hollow and porous aggregates. The advantages and limitations are described for each of the aggregates for obtaining lightweight concrete with a given average density and strength. The described models show that it is advisable to use porous filler to obtain high-strength lightweight concrete with an average density of more than 1600 kg/m3, and hollow filler at ρlb<1600 kg/m3. The thickness of the filler shell becomes the determining factor in achieving the required specific strength of lightweight concrete.
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Photocatalytically Active Fine-Grained Concrete Based on Titanosilicate Waste
摘要
Photocatalytically active fine-grained concrete has been developed using a titanosilicate additive, which is a waste product from the production of titanosilicate sorbent. It has been established that the introduction of a titanosilicate additive into the composition of fine-grained concrete ensures the formation of an additional amount of calcium hydrosilicates, mainly low-basic ones, increases the density of the cement stone and reduces structural defects, thereby facilitating the production of higher-strength concrete with improved technical and operational properties. For the developed concrete composition containing 2% (by weight of cement) titanosilicate powder, 1.1 wt. % Glenium 51 superplasticizer, with a W/C of 0.42, an increase in compressive strength by 52% and a decrease in water absorption by 32% were recorded, reducing the depth of wear and weight loss by 35%, increasing frost resistance by 3 grades, compared to the additive-free composition. The surface of fine-grained concrete containing waste titanosilicate sorbent, in the decomposition reaction of methylene blue, exhibits the ability to self-clean under the influence of visible light, and under ultraviolet light it exceeds samples with commercial titanium dioxide. Also, the manifestation of the self-cleaning ability of modified concrete is confirmed by a decrease in the contact angle during irradiation with ultraviolet light.
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Results of scientific research
The Influence of High Temperature on the Properties of Modified Cement Stone
摘要
The influence of highly dispersed tungsten-containing powders (WC, WO3, a mixture of WC, TiC) obtained as a result of recycling of carbide products on change in the structural and physico-mechanical properties of cement materials at elevated temperatures has been studied. Powders of tungsten carbide WC, tungsten oxide WO3, mixtures of tungsten and titanium carbides WC, TiC (average particle size 20–150 nm, agglomerates 300 nm – 1.5 microns) were added to the cement mortar, by partial replacement of the binder, in various concentrations (1–5 wt. %). The effect of additives on the thermal stability of cement samples was assessed by weight loss, residual compressive strength, exposed to temperatures at 300, 600 and 800оC for 2 hours. The microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an integrated energy dispersion analysis system. It was established that in the entire temperature range under consideration (20–800оC), the modified samples demonstrate a denser microstructure, have less mass loss and have increased residual compressive strength compared with the control composition. The obtained research results are of considerable value for understanding the mechanisms of influence of highly dispersed tungsten-containing particles on the characteristics of cement materials under high-temperature exposure.
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Behavior of Silicate Bricks During Prolonged Contact with the Ground
摘要
Data on the effect of long-term storage of silicate bricks in various conditions: in the air and on the ground, on its strength and phase composition are presented. It has been established that over seven years of storage, there is no decrease in the compressive strength of the brick, regardless of its initial strength. Analysis of the phase composition of the silicate brick showed that portlandite, calcite and tobermorite are present in all samples in addition to quartz. Quantitative analysis of the curves of differential thermal analysis indicates that when storing bricks on the ground, the processes of carbonation of free lime and calcium hydrosilicates in the stone occur much faster, which is probably due to its higher humidity and more favorable conditions for the penetration of carbon dioxide into the depth of the structure. It is likely that a longer period of time is needed to identify the influence of storage conditions and the initial strength of silicate bricks on their durability, which will be a continuation of this study.
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Analysis of the Properties of Asphalt Granulate as Raw Materials for Obtaining Organic Mineral Composites
摘要
Increasing and maintaining the pace of construction and repair work associated with the development of the highway network, as well as improving the quality of communication between subjects and transport hubs, requires a huge amount of resource consumption, and, accordingly, creates a significant burden on the country’s economy. One of the rational solutions in the road construction industry, which allows reducing the cost of raw materials, is the reuse of materials from existing highway structures. The most common options in both domestic and foreign practice is the use of regeneration technologies for the quantitatively predominant asphalt concrete road surfaces. However, when reusing asphalt concrete, in order to establish the recipe and technological features of the designed composites, it is necessary to evaluate the properties of asphalt concrete after wear and the possible mutual influence of the components used in its composition on the formation of the final properties of new composites. In this regard, the presented work is devoted to the analysis of a complex of properties of asphalt granulate samples and the establishment of patterns of their changes depending on the composition and service life. Based on the studies conducted, it was established that the composition of the mineral part of asphalt granulate and the amount of organic binder are within the standardized ranges. Noteworthy is the decrease in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the mineral part with an increase in the service life of asphalt concrete for more than five years, as well as a change in the composition of the organic binder, leading to a decrease in its relaxing ability. Depending on the composition and properties of asphalt granulate, options for its further use are proposed.
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