RNA-binding protein NXF1 is essential for the development of the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster

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In Drosophila melanogaster, as in all Opisthokonta, the evolutionary conserved protein NXF1 (Nuclear eXport Factor 1) is responsible for nuclear export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Traditionally, it is thought that after leaving the nuclear pore, the NXF1 leaves the mRNP complex and returns to the nucleus. We have shown for the first time that in Drosophila the NXF1 protein presents in the cytoplasm of various cells, including nerve cells. The cytoplasmic localisation of the NXF1 indicates that nuclear export function is not the only function of this protein. The Nxf1 gene in Drosophila has the historically established name sbr (small bristles). A number of mutations in the sbr are characterised by dominant phenotypic effects. In particular, the sbr12 mutant allele leads to abnormalities in Drosophila brain formation. Characteristic morphological defects in the neuropils of the optic lobe suggest that the NXF1 (SBR) is involved in the regulation of the spatial architecture of the fly brain, including the formation of neuropil boundaries. The evolutionary conservatism of Nxf1 opens up the possibility of studying the role of the NXF1 protein in the development of the nervous system using Drosophila as a model.

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Sobre autores

E. Golubkova

St. Petersburg State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034

A. Yakimova

National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Korolyova st. 4, Obninsk, 249036

K. Akhromov

St. Petersburg State University; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034; Orlova roshcha 1, Gatchina, 188300

E. Ryabova

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Orlova roshcha 1, Gatchina, 188300

D. Grudkova

St. Petersburg State University

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034

L. Barabanova

St. Petersburg State University

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034

S. Sarantseva

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Orlova roshcha 1, Gatchina, 188300

L. Mamon

St. Petersburg State University

Email: e.golubkova@spbu.ru
Rússia, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the structure of the optic lobe of the Drosophila brain. a) imago stage; b) larval stage.

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3. Fig. 2. Visual lobes of the brain of male D. melanogaster of different genotypes. a) brain of a male of the Oregon-R line; b) brain of a male carrying the sbr12 allele in heterozygote. Paraffin sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Lo — lobula, Me — medulla, La — lamina. Scale: 100 µm.

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4. Fig. 3. Terminals of R7–R8 photoreceptor axons in the optic lobe of the cephalic ganglion of Drosophila in adult males of different genotypes. Arrows point to the terminals of R7–R8 axons in the distal part of the medulla. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI, and rhodopsin was visualized by detecting its autofluorescence. Bottom: enlarged image of a fragment of the medulla (highlighted in the upper image). In the medulla of the optic lobe in adult sbr12/Dp(1;Y)y+v+ males, arrows point to some randomly scattered terminals of photoreceptor axons. The axons did not form specific parallel rows in the distal part of the medulla and grew deep into the medulla and into the lobula. Scale bar: top: 50 μm; enlarged image: 25 μm.

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5. Fig. 4. Localization of SBR protein in neuromuscular junctions of Drosophila larvae. a) DAPI staining reveals cell nuclei; b) antibodies to HRP label nerves and boutons of neuromuscular junctions (red); c) antibodies to SBR protein reflect colocalization of the protein with a marker of nerve cell membranes and a specific pattern of SBR protein distribution in muscle fibers (green); d) combined image. Scale bar: 20 µm.

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6. Fig. 5. Estimation of the number of satellite boutons of neuromuscular junctions in third instar larvae of the wild type (wt) and the sbr12/Dp(1;Y)y+v+ genotype. A statistically significant difference was noted, Mann–Whitney criterion (P < 0.0001).

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