Получение плазменно-пылевых облаков из метеоритного вещества, его аналогов и имитаторов лунного реголита с помощью микроволнового разряда

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В эксперименте получены плазменно-пылевые облака из вещества метеорита Царев, имитатора лунного реголита LMS-1D и ильменитового концентрата с помощью микроволнового разряда в порошковых средах. Для каждого из образцов зарегистрирована динамика развития разряда и образования плазменно-пылевого облака с последующей релаксацией после окончания микроволнового импульса. По спектрам излучения плазмы и поверхности твердого тела определены температуры газа, электронов и поверхности. Проведенное сравнение фазового и элементного состава исходных образцов и образцов после воздействия плазмы показало, что существенного изменения состава не происходит. Однако результаты сканирующей электронной микроскопии четко указывают на сфероидизацию исходных угловатых частиц и частиц неправильной формы. Также наблюдается появление сферических частиц, размеры которых больше, чем линейные размеры частиц в исходном образце. Полученные результаты указывают на возможность использования таких экспериментов для исследования химических и плазмохимических процессов синтеза и модификации веществ в условиях плазменно-пылевых облаков, встречающихся в космических явлениях.

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作者简介

В. Борзосеков

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН; Российский университет дружбы народов

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва; Москва

Н. Ахмадуллина

Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

А. Соколов

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Т. Гаянова

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

А. Резаева

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН; Российский университет дружбы народов

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва; Москва

В. Степахин

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Е. Кончеков

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Д. Малахов

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Е. Воронова

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

И. Нугаев

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

В. Логвиненко

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН; Российский университет дружбы народов

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва; Москва

А. Князев

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

А. Летунов

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Д. Харлачев

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

Е. Образцова

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН; Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва; Долгопрудный

Т. Морозова

Институт космических исследований РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

М. Зайцев

Институт космических исследований РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

А. Ищенко

Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Екатеринбург

И. Вайнштейн

Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Екатеринбург

В. Гроховский

Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Екатеринбург

О. Шишилов

Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет); МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Долгопрудный; Москва

Н. Скворцова

Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН

Email: borzosekov@fpl.gpi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Москва

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental scheme: 1 – gyrotron, 2 – focusing mirror of the quasi–optical tract, 3 – flat mirror, 4 – high-speed camera Phantom VEO 710L, 5 – quasi–optical microwave coupler, 6-8 – detectors of incident reflected and transmitted microwave radiation, 9 - plasma chemical reactor, 10 - terminal lenses of transmitting optical fibers of spectrometers Avantes AvaSpec.

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3. Fig. 2. Micrographs of the prepared sample of ilmenite concentrate.

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4. Fig. 3. Micrography of the prepared sample of ilmenite concentrate with superimposed multilayer maps of the distribution of elements and maps of the distribution of individual elements. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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5. Fig. 4. Micrographs of the prepared sample of the LMS-1D lunar dust simulator with the addition of 10% metallic magnesium.

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6. Fig. 5. Micrography of the prepared sample of the LMS-1D lunar dust simulator with the addition of 10% metallic magnesium with superimposed multilayer maps of the distribution of elements and maps of the distribution of individual elements. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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7. Fig. 6. Micrographs of the prepared sample of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite obtained after grinding in a ball mill.

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8. Fig. 7. Micrography of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite obtained after grinding in a ball mill, and maps of the distribution of elements. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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9. 8. Photographs of samples placed on a quartz substrate inside a quartz tube: (a) – ilmenite concentrate before exposure to discharge; (b) – LMS-1D lunar dust simulator with the addition of magnesium metal powder before exposure to discharge; (c) – the substance of the Tsarev meteorite before exposure to discharge; (d) – ilmenite concentrate after exposure to the discharge; (e) – LMS-1D lunar dust simulator with the addition of magnesium metal powder after exposure to the discharge; (e) – the substance of the Tsarev meteorite after exposure to the discharge. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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10. Fig. 9. Footage of the development of a microwave discharge in an ilmenite concentrate sample. The frame start time (milliseconds) from the moment of breakdown is indicated on each frame in the upper left corner. The exposure time of the frame is 100 microseconds. The power of the microwave radiation is 300 kW, the pulse duration of the microwave radiation is 8 ms.

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11. Fig. 10. The radiation spectrum in an experiment with the creation of a plasma-dust cloud in a powder sample of ilmenite concentrate during the duration of a microwave pulse.

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12. Fig. 11. Dynamics of surface temperature of an ilmenite concentrate powder sample. The duration of the microwave pulse is marked with a gray rectangle.

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13. Fig. 12. Micrographs of ilmenite concentrate after exposure to microwave discharge. The sample was taken from the bulk of the substance on the quartz disk.

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14. Fig. 13. Micrographs of ilmenite concentrate after exposure to microwave discharge. The sample was taken from the inner walls of the quartz tube.

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15. 14. Multilayer maps of the distribution of elements in ilmenite concentrate samples after exposure to microwave discharge: on the left – a sample from the bulk of the sample; on the right – a sample from the inner walls of a quartz tube. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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16. Fig. 15. Micrography of an ilmenite concentrate sample after exposure to a microwave discharge with superimposed multilayer maps of the distribution of elements and maps of the distribution of individual elements. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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17. Fig. 16. Frames of the development of a microwave discharge in a sample of the lunar dust simulator LMS-1D. The frame start time (milliseconds) from the moment of breakdown is indicated on each frame in the upper left corner. The exposure time of the frame is 100 microseconds. The power of microwave radiation is 400 kW, the pulse duration of microwave radiation is 6 ms.

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18. 17. The radiation spectrum in the experiment with the creation of a plasma-dust cloud in a powder sample of the lunar dust simulator LMS-1D with the addition of magnesium metal powder during the duration of the microwave pulse.

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19. Fig. 18. Dynamics of surface temperature of the powder sample of the lunar dust simulator LMS-1D with the addition of magnesium metal powder. The duration of the microwave pulse is marked with a gray rectangle.

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20. Fig. 19. Micrographs of the LMS-1D lunar dust simulator with the addition of magnesium metal powder after exposure to a microwave discharge. The sample was taken from the inner walls of the quartz tube.

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21. Fig. 20. Micrography with superimposed multilayer map of the distribution of elements, and maps of the distribution of individual elements in the sample of the lunar dust simulator LMS-1D with the addition of 10% metallic magnesium after exposure to microwave discharge. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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22. Fig. 21. Footage of the development of a microwave discharge in a sample of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite. The frame start time (milliseconds) from the moment of breakdown is indicated on each frame in the upper left corner. The exposure time of the frame is 0.6 microseconds. The power of microwave radiation is 400 kW, the pulse duration of microwave radiation is 6 ms.

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23. 22. The radiation spectrum in the experiment with the creation of a plasma-dust cloud in a powder sample of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite during the duration of the microwave pulse.

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24. Fig. 23. Dynamics of surface temperature of a powder sample of a meteorite substance. The duration of the microwave pulse is marked with a gray rectangle.

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25. 24. Micrographs of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite after exposure to a microwave discharge. The sample was taken from the inner walls of the quartz tube.

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26. Fig. 25. Micrography with superimposed multilayer map of the distribution of elements and maps of the distribution of individual elements in a sample of the substance of the Tsarev meteorite after exposure to a microwave discharge. The color drawing is available in the electronic version of the article.

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