Вариации скорости ветра на верхней границе облаков Венеры над Землей Афродиты по многолетним УФ-наблюдениям VMC/Venus Express и UVI/Akatsuki

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Abstract

Серии последовательных УФ-изображений (365 нм) облачного покрова Венеры позволяют исследовать динамику мезосферы. Беспрецедентный по продолжительности ряд таких изображений получен камерами VMC на борту космического аппарата (КА) Venus Express (ESA) и UVI на борту КА Akatsuki (JAXA) c 2006 по 2022 гг. На 10° ю. ш. наблюдаются долговременные изменения средней зональной и меридиональной скоростей ветра с периодом 12.5 ± 0.5 лет. Анализ поведения среднего зонального ветра около полудня 12 ± 1 ч. при фазовых углах 60°–90° в ограниченные по времени интервалы наблюдения показывает, что вблизи минимума долгопериодической зависимости торможение горизонтального потока наблюдается над областью Овды, наиболее высокой частью Земли Афродиты, как для VMC, так и для UVI. И наоборот, ускорение наблюдается над областью Овды вблизи максимума долгопериодической зависимости. Рассматриваемые долготные вариации зональной скорости простираются от экватора до средних широт (0°–40°). Меридиональная скорость показывает долготные вариации, связанные с рельефом подстилающей поверхности, вне зависимости от того, торможение или ускорение горизонтального потока наблюдается над высокогорной частью Земли Афродиты.

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М. В. Пацаева

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Author for correspondence.
Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

И. В. Хатунцев

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

Д. В. Титов

Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Netherlands, Leiden

Н. И. Игнатьев

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

Л. В. Засова

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

Д. А. Горинов

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

А. В. Тюрин

Институт космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН)

Email: marina.pats@cosmos.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

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2. Fig. 1. Longitudinal coverage of measurements (wind speed vectors) from 2006 to 2022 in the latitudinal band of 10° ± 5° S around midday 12 ± 1 h for the phase angle of 60°–90°. Blue circles indicate measurements with VMC, green squares – with UVI.

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3. Fig. 2. Long-term variations in the mean (a) zonal and (b) meridional wind speeds obtained from VMC (blue) and UVI (green) images at 10° ± 5° S. Each point is the result of averaging over a Venusian year. The vertical bars indicate the 99.6% confidence interval (3 ). The light blue and light green areas correspond to the standard deviation σ. The approximating sinusoids are marked with a red dotted line.

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4. Fig. 3. Longitudinal variations of the mean zonal wind speed averaged over time intervals corresponding to six Venusian years and obtained from VMC ((a) and (c)) and UVI ((d) and (g)) images in the latitudinal band of 10° ± 5° S. Longitudinal variations of the residual u–u12.5 zonal wind speed series after subtracting the sinusoid for VMC ((b) and (d)) and UVI ((f) and (h)). The error corresponds to the 99.6% confidence interval (3 ). The light blue and light green areas correspond to the standard deviation σ. The mean surface relief height in the same latitudinal band is shown by the black curve.

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5. Fig. 4. Long-period variations of the zonal (a) and meridional (b) components of the mean horizontal flow velocity at a latitude of 10° ± 5° S over highlands (black) and lowlands (red). Each point is the result of averaging over a Venusian year. The error corresponds to a confidence interval of 99.6% (3 ). The dotted lines indicate sinusoids with a period of 12.5 ± 0.5 years.

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6. Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of the mean zonal wind speed, averaged over the time intervals 2007–2010 (a), 2010–2013 (b), 2016–2019 (c), 2017–2020 (d). Black contours indicate elevations of the planet's surface greater than 1 km.

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7. Fig. 6. Longitudinal variations in the mean meridional wind speed at 10° ± 5° S (blue), 35° ± 5° S (red), 10° ± 5° N (green), and the equator 0° ± 5° (black). The meridional speed is averaged over the time intervals 2007–2010 (a), 2010–2013 (b), 2016–2019 (c), and 2017–2020 (d). The error corresponds to the 99.6% confidence interval (3 ).

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8. Fig. 7. Longitudinal variations of the mean zonal wind speed in the latitudinal band of 10° ± 5° S around midday 12 ± 1 h from December 2015 to March 2017 (red). The error corresponds to the 99.6% confidence interval (3 ). The light blue area corresponds to the standard deviation σ. The mean surface relief height in the same latitudinal band is shown by the black curve.

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