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No 4 (2023)
Policy
The "New Left" in Chile in the face of existential challenges
Abstract
The article examines the ideological principles of the Chilean "New Left" and the political practice of the government of G. Borich during his first year in power, the process of developing key reforms, fulfilling pre-election promises to form a socially-oriented development model, completing work on the draft of a new constitution. Interaction with the centrist and left-wing radical line in the national political space played an important role. The difficult path of finding answers to the existential challenges of real politics has led to a significant transformation of the president's tactics, a revision of a number of priorities, a gravitation to the positions of centrism and the format of the "compromise model". The changes resulted in increased disagreements within the ruling coalition, a large radicalization of supporters of an irreconcilable ideological position, which can significantly complicate the further work of the government.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):6-21
6-21
Features of the activities of the left forces in the English-speaking islands of the Caribbean in the XXI century
Abstract
This scientific article is devoted to the features and main patterns of activity and the political role of the Labor and center-left parties in the English-speaking Island states of the Caribbean. The author shows that countries of the Caribbean zone have many common features of social and political development, which determines the similarities in the functioning of the Labor parties. The presence of British political traditions makes the centre-left parties the most important participants in the political process with broad popular support. The article also notes the connection between the factor of the strong influence of the Labor parties in the Caribbean states with the participation of most of these countries in the Bolivarian Alliance ALBA. Considering in the article the specific cases of Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, the author shows that in most English-speaking countries, leftist, Labor parties are in power, responsible for the implementation of domestic and foreign policy; enjoy broad popular and electoral support in their countries; forming governments, they try to implement social reformist initiatives in domestic politics; are at the forefront of the struggle for a republican form of government for their countries. The author comes to the conclusion that the English-speaking states of the Caribbean region in the 21st century are among the strongholds of the left forces in Latin-Caribbean America.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):22-38
22-38
Economy
Competition in the Brazilian premium car market in 2007—2021
Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the competition development on the Brazilian premium automotive market in 2007-2021. The SV matrix is used as an analytical tool that allows to track changes in different industries. Results of the study show that the premium segment of the automotive market responds to economic shocks better than the mass segment. In the second half of the 2010s the market was finally formed and achieved the high concentration, the dominant group of companies expanded. Competition in the Brazilian auto market today can be characterized as the "Big Five": five equally large companies control almost the entire market. However, considering the competition between automotive holdings, there is a clear dominance of Daimler company. In contrast to the situation in Russia, during crises, the premium segment of the Brazilian car market declines along with the mass segment, which can be explained by the population of the upper middle class being less resistant to external shocks and a smaller share of the wealthiest population.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):39-52
39-52
International ties
Features of academic mobility of Latin American and Caribbean students in modern circumstances
Abstract
The authors identify the vectors of development and consider the features and main trends of academic mobility of Latin American students in the current conditions of the development of society and higher education. It is concluded that in recent years, academic mobility has been undergoing changes, including changing its vector in favor of obtaining education in the region. The key reasons for this process are identified: the traditional propensity of Latin Americans for good neighborliness, the active development of the idea of a “common market of knowledge” in the region, the increase in the level of education in a number of Latin American states, the adjustments made to the processes of academic mobility by the pandemic of the new coronavirus. Along with the regional vector, the role of Russian universities is determined and the place of Rossotrudnichestvo in the system of academic mobility is shown. The factors that can affect the dynamics of academic mobility of Latin American students to Russian universities are highlighted.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):53-65
53-65
Religious factor
Pentecostalism and socio-political changes in Latin America
Abstract
This article examines the impact of Pentecostalism on Latin American society, which has become very popular among the poor. The religious conversion improved the quality of life by eliminating bad habits and by turning to family values, but it did not have a significant macroeconomic effect. Recently, the Protestants have become a significant political factor in Latin American political life; in particular, the Pentecostals have been very active. The main focus has been on addressing Christian moral issues in politics. The largest Pentecostal churches in Brazil support individual right-wing parties.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):66-78
66-78
History pages
History of the left: the creation of the Bolivian Communist Party. The «late child» of the Communist Movement
Abstract
In the ХХ-th century, the most important place belongs to the history of the international communist movement. Many regional and national pages of this history have not yet been written. And the story of the Communist Party of Bolivia remains unexplored by historians. This party was created later than all other communist parties in the region, only in 1950. This article for the first time not only in domestic but also in Bolivian historiography addresses the plot of the creation and first decades of the activity of the Communist Party, relying on the analysis of party documents, the press, archival documentation. The article analyzes the internal and external factors of the activities of the Bolivian Communists, the causes of numerous party crises and splits in which the party had to face. In all these crises, the party's life took place in the struggle of opposing currents, between reformists and revolutionaries, and relied more on external, international factors and ideas than on internal political experience and critical analysis of national reality. The exposition touches on several such crises, from the struggle against reformism and Stalinism to the split into pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese parties.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):79-93
79-93
Antiquity
In search of monsters. Mythical peoples in the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of America and Siberia in the late XV — early XVII centuries
Abstract
The article examines the construction of the images of “the other” and “otherness” through the introduction of mythical peoples with monstrous features of Classical Antiquity and the Bible in the chronicles of the conquest and exploration of America and Siberia in the late XV - early XVII centuries. The emphasis is made on the common elements in viewing “the other” by the Spanish and Russian chroniclers which have origins in the works of Greek and Roman authors and in the Christian exegesis of the Old and New Testaments. They include the following features: attribution of animal characteristics and “anomalous” behavior (in the eyes of chroniclers) to indigenous peoples of America and Siberia, their identification with monstrous races of Classical authors and the Bible, and correlation between the presence of monstrous peoples and fabulous riches, which was the main reason to gather all the available information about them in distant lands.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2023;(4):94-110
94-110