Современные подходы к переработке отработавших литий-ионных аккумуляторов

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В настоящем кратком обзоре рассмотрены основные подходы к переработке отработавших литий-ионных аккумуляторов. Приведено описание исходного сырья в зависимости от элементного состава катодного материала. Кратко описаны основные способы переработки аккумуляторов, разрабатываемые в настоящее время: пирометаллургический, гидрометаллургический и прямая переработка. Наиболее оптимальным признан гидрометаллургический метод. Для указанного процесса приведено описание основных технологических стадий: стадии предварительной обработки аккумуляторов, щелочной обработки мелкой фракции, представляющей собой смесь анодного и катодного материала, кислотного выщелачивания катодного материала и последующей переработки продукта выщелачивания с целью выделения ценных компонентов в индивидуальном виде.

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Sobre autores

А. Цивадзе

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Ленинский пр-т, 31, корп. 4, Москва, 119991

А. Орыщенко

НИЦ “Курчатовский институт” – ЦНИИ КМ “Прометей”

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Ilha Bouvet, Шпалерная ул., д. 49, Москва, 191015

В. Жилов

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Ленинский пр-т, 31, корп. 4, Москва, 119991

Г. Костикова

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Ленинский пр-т, 31, корп. 4, Москва, 119991

А. Бездомников

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Ленинский пр-т, 31, корп. 4, Москва, 119991

В. Шаров

Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Ленинский пр-т, 31, корп. 4, Москва, 119991

Ю. Покровский

НИЦ “Курчатовский институт” – ЦНИИ КМ “Прометей”

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Шпалерная ул., д. 49, Москва, 191015

А. Каштанов

НИЦ “Курчатовский институт” – ЦНИИ КМ “Прометей”

Email: m-protect@mail.ru
Rússia, Шпалерная ул., д. 49, Москва, 191015

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2. Fig. 1. Lithium consumption structure by year and historical cost data.

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3. Fig. 2 . The main components of electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries.

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4. 3. Schemes for extracting valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (a) using Cyanex 272 extractants [19]; (b) using D2EGFC and PC-88A extractants [25].

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5. 4. Scheme of extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using an extraction system based on the ionic liquid “Cyphos IL 102".

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