Biomarkers of acute kidney injury: Current views and prospects


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Abstract

In the past decades, the incidence of acute kidney dysfunction has been steadily increasing, which is mainly due to rises in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the survival of cardiac patients and to more common use of intervention examination and treatment methods. The early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is made difficult by the delay in clinical symptoms and the elevated serum levels of creatinine as to cell damage, which chiefly appears as the expression of biomarkers. The new AKI biomarkers whose concentration changes significantly earlier than the serum creatinine levels increase have been recently identified. This has allowed Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) experts to develop consensus on the use of the biomarkers to diagnose AKI; a new concept of the diagnosis of AKI, by assessing not only the markers of renal function (serum creatinine and diuresis), but also those of injury, and the conceptual model of AKI are proposed.

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Биомаркеры острого повреждения почек: современные представления и перспективы. - Аннотация. В последние десятилетия неуклонно возрастает частота острого нарушения функции почек, что обусловлено прежде всего ростом распространенности сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, увеличением продолжительности жизни кардиологических пациентов, а также все более частым применением интервенционных методов обследования и лечения. Ранняя диагностика острого повреждения почек (ОПП) затруднена в связи с "запаздыванием" клинических симптомов и повышением уровня креатинина в сыворотке крови относительно повреждения клеток, которое проявляется прежде всего экспрессией биомаркеров. В последние годы идентифицированы новые биомаркеры ОПП, концентрация которых изменяется достоверно раньше повышения уровня креатинина в сыворотке. Это позволило экспертам ADQI (Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative) разработать консенсус по использованию биомаркеров для диагностики ОПП; предложены новая концепция диагностики ОПП с оценкой не только маркеров функции (креатинин в сыворотке и диурез), но и маркеров повреждения и концептуальная модель ОПП.
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