The main pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney injury in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome


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Abstract

Nowadays, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been established to promote both structural and functional changes in the kidneys. The basis for these changes is pathophysiological mechanisms, such as hyperproduction of free radicals and disruption of NO-mediated vasodilator responses, activation of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, development of renal venous hypertension, and stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide production, which in turn results in increased intraglomerular pressure and glomerular hyperfiltration. In patients with OSAS, the kidneys may be damaged by OSAS-related abnormalities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, erythrocytosis, atherosclerosis, and cor pulmonale, which may also lead to kidney injury under isolated conditions and, when concurrent OSAS is present, may even aggravate the existing kidney injury.

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Основные патофизиологические звенья поражения почек при синдроме обструктивного апноэ во сне. - Аннотация. В настоящее время установлено, что наличие синдрома обструктивного апноэ во сне (СОАС) способствует развитию как структурных, так и функциональных изменений в почках. В основе этих изменений лежат такие патологические процессы, как повышенная продукция свободных радикалов и срыв опосредованных NO сосудорасширяющих реакций, активация симпатической части вегетативной нервной системы и ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, дисфункция эндотелия, развитие венозной гипертонии в почках, стимулирование выработки предсердного натрийуретического пептида. Все это в свою очередь приводит к повышению внутриклубочкового давления и возникновению клубочковой гиперфильтрации. У больных с СОАС поражение почек может быть также обусловлено такими часто сочетающимися с СОАС патологическими состояниями, как артериальная гипертония, сахарный диабет, метаболический синдром, эритроцитоз, атеросклероз и синдром "легочного сердца", которые и в изолированных условиях могут привести к развитию поражения почек, а в условиях добавления СОАС даже усугубить течение последнего.
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About the authors

P A Zelveian

Email: zelveian@hotmail.com

L G Dgerian

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