Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia in first remission


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Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the efficiency of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia in first remission depending on the regimens of conditioning, the source of a graft, and the characteristics of a donor and a recipient/MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 66 treated patients, including from partially HLA-mismatched relatives (n=4), the efficiency of allo-HSCT from related donors (n=26) and unrelated donors (n=40), were compared. According to cytogenetic findings, 7 (11%), 31 (47%), and 10 (15%) patients belonged to low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively/RESULTS: Five-year overall survival (OS) and mortality associated with transplantation were 56 and 22% for allo-HSCT from related donors, 68 and 23% for that from HLA-matched donors, and 71 and 25% for that from partially HLA-mismatched donors, respectively (p=0.8 and p=0.7). The relapse risk after allo-HSCT from unrelated donors was significantly lower than after that from related donors (13 and 35%, respectively; p=0.8). Univariate analysis showed that the OS rates depended on the cytogenetic risk group (OS was 24 and 64% in the high- and intermediate-risk groups, respectively (p=0.027). The relapse risk in chronic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and in grade 3 acute GVHR (p=0.01) was shown to be less than that in grades 1-2 acute GVHR (p=0.06)/CONCLUSION: OS rates after allo-HSCT from related and unrelated donors were comparable and unrelated to the source of a graft, the regimen of conditioning, and other characteristics of a donor and a recipient.

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Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при остром миелобластном лейкозе в первой ремиссии. - Резюме. Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) у пациентов с острым миелобластным лейкозом в первой ремиссии в зависимости от режимов кондиционирования, источника трансплантата, особенностей реципиента и донора. Материалы и методы. У 66 пролеченных пациентов сравнивали эффективность алло-ТГСК от родственного (n=26) и неродственного (n=40) доноров, в том числе частично HLA-несовместимого (n=4). По данным цитогенетического обследования, 7 (11%) пациентов относились к группе низкого риска, 31 (47%) - к группе промежуточного и 10 (15%) - к группе высокого риска. Результаты. Пятилетняя общая выживаемость (ОВ) и летальность, связанная с трансплантацией, составили при родственной алло-ТГСК 56 и 22%, при HLA-совместимой - 68 и 23%, при частично HLA-несовместимой - 71 и 25% соответственно (р=0,8 и р=0,7). Риск развития рецидива при неродственной алло-ТГСК был значительно ниже, чем при родственной, - 13 и 35% соответственно (р=0,08). При монофакторном анализе результаты ОВ зависели от цитогенетической группы риска (в группе высокого риска ОВ составила 24%, в группе промежуточного - 64%; р=0,027). Показано, что вероятность развития рецидивов при наличии хронической реакции трансплантат против хозяина - РТПХ (р=0,01) и острой РТПХ 3-й степени меньше, чем при с острой РТПХ 1-2-й степени (р=0,06). Заключение. Результаты ОВ после алло-ТГСК от родственного и неродственного доноров сопоставимы и не зависели от источника трансплантата, режима кондиционирования и других особенностей донора и реципиента.
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