Risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with frequent hypertensive crises


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Aim. To investigate a relative risk of cardiovascular complications in uncomplicated hypertensive crises (UHC) in hypertensive patients.
Material and methods. A questionnaire retrospective case-control study covered one-third of patients registered in the data base of a hospital or outpatient clinic. The patients were matched by basic characteristics. By frequency of UHC the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 305) comprised patients with frequent (weekly or more often) UHC, group 2 (n = 558) consisted of patients with rare UHC (monthly or less frequent).
Results. Patients of group 1 had a longer history of arterial hypertension (13 ± 9 years vs 9 ± 7.8 years, p < 0.05). The target blood pressure was achieved in group 1 in 42% vs 56% in group 2; p < 0.05). Group 1 patients had a higher risk of non-fatal stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) - 18 and 10% (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.28-2.93; p < 0.05), chronic cardiac failure (44 vs 30%; OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.22-2.21; p < 0.05), left ventricular hypertrophy (72 and 56%; OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.52-2.93; p < 0.05) and myocardial ischemia (56 and 38%; OR 2.05; 95%CI 1.53-2.74; p < 0.05). UHC frequency had no significant influence on the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (19 vs 15%; OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.92-1.94; p > 0.05).
Conclusion. Frequent UHC raise the risk of non-fatal acute disorder of cerebral circulation, chronic cardiac failure, ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy. Frequency of UHC is not related to the risk of myocardial infarction.

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