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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">79590</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ожирение как фактор риска заболеваний пищеварительной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-7112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p></bio><email>dna-mit8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-2091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucheryavyy</surname><given-names>Yury A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучерявый</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий гастроэнтерологическим отделением</p></bio><email>dna-mit8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ilyinsky Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Ильинская больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>954</fpage><lpage>962</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/79590">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/79590</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the global prevalence of obesity among the world’s adult population is about 650 million people, which makes it possible to consider this chronic metabolic disease as a non-infectious pandemic of the 21st century. It has been proven that obesity is associated with several gastroenterological diseases, while the mechanisms of these associations are extremely heterogeneous and multifactorial. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in obesity lead to a change in the profile of adipokine production (a decrease in adiponectin, an increase in leptin), an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, 6, 8, tumor necrosis factor á), C-reactive protein, free fatty acids, as well as active forms of oxygen (superoxide radicals, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). All the above induces the development of chronic slowly progressive inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. In addition, peptides secreted by adipocytes (adiponectin, leptin, nesfatin-1 and apelin) can modulate gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiota observed in obese patients (increased <italic>Firmicutes</italic> and decreased <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic>) lead to a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids and an increase in the intestinal permeability due to disruption of intercellular tight junctions, which leads to increased translocation of bacteria and endotoxins into the systemic circulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association of obesity with diseases of the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal motility disorders), stomach (functional dyspepsia, stomach cancer), gallbladder (cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer), pancreas (acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer), liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma), intestine (diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время глобальная распространенность ожирения среди взрослого населения мира составляет около 650 млн человек, что позволяет рассматривать данное хроническое заболевание обмена веществ как неинфекционную пандемию XXI в. Доказано, что ожирение ассоциировано с целым рядом заболеваний гастроэнтерологического профиля, при этом механизмы этих связей крайне гетерогенны и мультифакториальны. Гипертрофия и гиперплазия адипоцитов при ожирении приводят к изменению профиля продукции адипокинов (снижение адипонектина, повышение лептина), повышению продукции провоспалительных цитокинов (интерлейкин-1, 6, 8, фактор некроза опухоли á), С-реактивного белка, свободных жирных кислот, а также активных форм кислорода (супероксидные радикалы, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Все перечисленное индуцирует развитие хронического медленно прогрессирующего воспаления, оксидативного стресса, а также инсулинорезистентности. Помимо этого, пептиды, секретируемые адипоцитами (адипонектин, лептин, несфатин-1 и апелин), способны модулировать моторику желудочно-кишечного тракта, действуя как центрально, так и периферически. Наблюдаемые у пациентов с ожирением качественные и количественные изменения микробиоты кишечника (повышение <italic>Firmicutes</italic> и снижение <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic>) приводят к сокращению продукции короткоцепочечных жирных кислот и росту проницаемости кишечной стенки вследствие нарушения межклеточных плотных контактов, что ведет к повышенной транслокации бактерий и эндотоксинов в системный кровоток. Многочисленными исследованиями продемонстрирована ассоциация ожирения с заболеваниями пищевода (гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь, пищевод Баррета, аденокарцинома пищевода, нарушения моторики пищевода), желудка (функциональная диспепсия, рак желудка), желчного пузыря (желчнокаменная болезнь, рак желчного пузыря), поджелудочной железы (острый панкреатит, рак поджелудочной железы), печени (неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома), кишечника (дивертикулярная болезнь, синдром раздраженного кишечника, колоректальный рак).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>overweight</kwd><kwd>gastroesophageal reflux disease</kwd><kwd>Barrett’s esophagus</kwd><kwd>esophageal adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>gallstone disease</kwd><kwd>acute pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>diverticular disease</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>избыточная масса тела</kwd><kwd>гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd><kwd>пищевод Баррета</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома пищевода</kwd><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>острый панкреатит</kwd><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>дивертикулярная болезнь</kwd><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аметов А.С. 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