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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">76357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2021.07.200955</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические наблюдения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A case report of familial dyskeratosis congenital. Case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Семейный случай врожденного дискератоза. Клиническое наблюдение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-4711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luchkin</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лучкин</surname><given-names>Антон Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог отд-ния интенсивной высокодозной химиотерапии гемобластозов и депрессий кроветворения</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-2682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр. отд-ния интенсивной высокодозной химиотерапии гемобластозов и депрессий кроветворения</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-6094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fidarova</surname><given-names>Zalina T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фидарова</surname><given-names>Залина Таймуразовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием химиотерапии гемобластозов и депрессий кроветворения с дневным стационаром</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-8947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskaya</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкая</surname><given-names>Вера Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зам. дир. по лечебной работе, зав. отд-нием высокодозной химиотерапии гемобластозов и депрессий кроветворения</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galtseva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гальцева</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. иммунофенотипирования клеток крови и костного мозга</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-8659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovrigina</surname><given-names>Alla M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковригина</surname><given-names>Алла Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, зав. патологоанатомическим отд-нием</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-1728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glinkina</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глинкина</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-0796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvirnyk</surname><given-names>Valentina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Двирнык</surname><given-names>Валентина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. централизованной клинико-диагностической лаб.</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-2053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raykina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райкина</surname><given-names>Елена Владиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-5662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-2094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Ирина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаб. клеточной иммунологии и иммуногенеза</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд-нием химиотерапии гемобластозов, депрессий кроветворения и ТКМ</p></bio><email>a_luchkin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Hematology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>818</fpage><lpage>825</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/76357">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/76357</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a hereditary syndrome of bone marrow failure, which develops because of telomeres’ defects and combines with cancer predisposition. Its classical clinical features are skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia (“skin-mucosa triad”). The goal is to describe the algorithm of diagnosis, clinical specificities of DC and specific treatment for cases of DC in one family. The present report includes descriptions of diagnosis and treatment of family members diagnosed for the first time as having a DC. The report shows an importance of all diagnostic stages: from a medical history and clinical picture to an application of modern high-tech diagnostic methods (flow-FISH, NGS). The report underlines an importance of diagnosis of all family members for excluding an asymptomatic form after a case of DC has been already detected in that family. A high frequency of a toxicity and secondary neoplasia makes it necessary to realize an individual approach at treatment of each patient with DC (the earliest start of androgen treatment, prompt decision of implementation of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). The knowledge of pathogenesis, clinical features and principles of diagnosis and therapy of this disease is relevant to pediatricians and hematologists.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Врожденный дискератоз (ВД) – наследственный синдром недостаточности костномозгового кроветворения, развивающийся вследствие нарушения биологии теломер и сочетающийся с предрасположенностью к опухолевым заболеваниям. Классическими клиническими признаками болезни («кожно-слизистая триада») являются ретикулярная пигментация кожи, дистрофические изменения ногтевых пластин, лейкоплакия слизистой оболочки полости рта. Цель – описать алгоритм диагностики, особенностей клинического течения и выбора терапии семейного случая ВД. Представлено клиническое наблюдение диагностики и лечения членов семьи с впервые выявленным ВД. Данное наблюдение демонстрирует важность всех этапов обследования: от сбора анамнеза и клинической картины до применения высокотехнологичных современных диагностических методов (flow-FISH, NGS). Подчеркивается, что при выявлении ВД у больного показано обследование членов семьи на наличие бессимптомного течения болезни. Высокая частота органной токсичности и развития вторичных неоплазий диктует необходимость индивидуального подхода к лечению каждого больного с этим заболеванием (раннее начало приема андрогенов, своевременное рассмотрение возможности выполнения трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток).</p> <p>Знание патогенеза, клинической картины, принципов диагностики и терапии этой нозологии актуальны как для врачей педиатрической практики, так и для гематологов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dyskeratosis congenita</kwd><kwd>telomeres</kwd><kwd>bone marrow failure</kwd><kwd>flow-FISH</kwd><kwd>secondary neoplasia</kwd><kwd>androgens</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденный дискератоз</kwd><kwd>теломеры</kwd><kwd>недостаточность костно-мозгового кроветворения</kwd><kwd>flow-FISH</kwd><kwd>вторичные неоплазии</kwd><kwd>андрогены</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Карпова Н.С., Абдулкадыров K.M., Селиванов Е.А., Балашова В.A. 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