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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2026.01.203556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The impact of comorbid cardiovascular pathology and triple inhalation therapy on outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of current evidence</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: современное состояние проблемы и пути решения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-4133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushenko</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. пульмонологии; науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>trushenko.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavginova</surname><given-names>Baina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавгинова</surname><given-names>Баина Баатровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. пульмонологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>trushenko.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7077-1910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markeeva</surname><given-names>Evgeniia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркеева</surname><given-names>Евгения Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка VI курса Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>trushenko.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. пульмонологии; рук. клинического отд.; гл. внештатный пульмонолог Минздрава России</p></bio><email>trushenko.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Pulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Outpatient care issues and organization of medical care</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Поликлинические проблемы и организация медицинской помощи</issue-title><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/696107">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/696107</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes the pathophysiological ground of the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the prevalence and prognostic significance of this comorbidity, as well as the optimal treatment of concomitant CVD and COPD. A review of the current literature is provided, including the results of large cohort, observational studies and meta-analyses on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and specific features of the treatment of concomitant CVD and COPD. It is shown that the prevalence of CVD in patients with COPD is 25–70%, which is 2–5 times higher than in the general population. It was found that the pathophysiological relationship between COPD and CVD is due to smoking, age, sex, and other common risk factors, as well as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hypoxemia, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and pulmonary hyperinflation. Modern triple inhalation therapy (long-acting anticholinergics/long-acting â<sub>2</sub>-agonists/inhaled glucocorticosteroids) has demonstrated advantages over dual therapy (long-acting â<sub>2</sub>-agonists/long-acting anticholinergics) in reducing overall mortality (hazard ratio 0.66–0.76) as well as the risk of acute cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 0.52–0.455). It is concluded that the optimization of inhalation therapy, in particular the administration of triple therapy to patients at high risk of COPD exacerbations, contributes not only to improving COPD control, but also to reducing cardiovascular risks and mortality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются патофизиологическая основа взаимосвязи хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), распространенность и прогностическое значение данной коморбидности, а также оптимальная тактика лечения ССЗ и ХОБЛ при их сочетании. Приводится обзор современной литературы, включающий результаты крупных когортных, обсервационных исследований и метаанализов, посвященных эпидемиологии, патофизиологическим механизмам, клиническим исходам и особенностям лечения ХОБЛ в сочетании с ССЗ. Показывается, что распространенность ССЗ у пациентов с ХОБЛ выше в 2–5 раз, чем в общей популяции, и составляет 25–70%. Резюмируется, что патофизиологическая взаимосвязь ХОБЛ и ССЗ обусловлена курением, возрастом, полом и другими общими факторами риска, системным воспалением, оксидативным стрессом, эндотелиальной дисфункцией, гипоксемией, активацией симпатической нервной системы и легочной гиперинфляцией. Современная тройная ингаляционная терапия (длительно действующими антихолинергическими препаратами / длительно действующими â<sub>2</sub>-агонистами / ингаляционными глюкокортикостероидами) продемонстрировала преимущества по сравнению с двойной терапией (длительно действующими â<sub>2</sub>-агонистами / длительно действующими антихолинергическими препаратами) в снижении общей смертности отношение рисков 0,66–0,76), а также риска развития острых сердечно-сосудистых осложнений и сердечно-сосудистой смертности (отношение рисков 0,52–0,455). Формулируется вывод о том, что оптимизация ингаляционной терапии, в частности назначение тройной терапии пациентам с высоким риском обострений ХОБЛ, способствует не только улучшению контроля над ХОБЛ, но и снижению сердечно-сосудистых рисков и смертности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>exacerbation</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>triple inhalation therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>обострение</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>тройная ингаляционная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The material was prepared with the financial support of Chiesi Pharmaceuticals LLC</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материал подготовлен при финансовой поддержке компании ООО «Кьези Фармасьютикалс»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Авдеев С.Н., Шабанов Е.А., Куделя Л.М., и др. 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