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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693925</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2026.02.203527</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>History of medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История медицины</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">From the history of pancreatology and pancreatitis classification</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Из истории панкреатологии и классификации панкреатитов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-7505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubtsova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубцова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд. патологии поджелудочной железы, желчных путей и верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта</p></bio><email>DubtsovaEA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-4681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokurova</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокурова</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. патологии поджелудочной железы, желчных путей и верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта</p></bio><email>DubtsovaEA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Issues of gastroenterology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы гастроэнтерологии</issue-title><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-20"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/693925">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/693925</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The retrogastric location, small size and soft consistency of the pancreas were the reason for the late discovery of the physiology of this organ. The first information about the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas appeared only in the 16th–17th centuries. The role of the pancreas in digestion was studied in the 18th–19th centuries, its participation in carbohydrate metabolism – in the 19th century, and insulin was discovered in the first half of the 20th century. Clinical signs of pancreatitis were first described in the early 19th century, but diagnosis of this disease still presents certain difficulties. The same can be said about the classification of pancreatitis. Due to the variety of etiological factors and clinical manifestations of acute and, especially, chronic pancreatitis, a single universal classification of pancreatitis has not yet been created, despite repeated attempts and existing classifications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ретрогастральное расположение, небольшие размеры и мягкая консистенция поджелудочной железы стали причиной позднего открытия физиологии этого органа. Первые сведения об анатомии и физиологии поджелудочной железы появились только в XVI–XVII вв. Роль поджелудочной железы в пищеварении изучена в XVIII–XIX вв., участие ее в углеводном обмене – в XIX в., а инсулин открыт в первой половине XX в. Клинические признаки панкреатита впервые описаны в начале XIX в., однако диагностика этого заболевания до сих пор представляет определенные трудности. То же можно сказать и о классификации панкреатитов. В силу многообразия этиологических факторов и клинических проявлений острого и особенно – хронического панкреатита единая универсальная классификация панкреатита пока не создана, несмотря на неоднократные попытки и существующие классификации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreas</kwd><kwd>pancreatology</kwd><kwd>pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поджелудочная железа</kwd><kwd>панкреатология</kwd><kwd>панкреатиты</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Navarro S. A brief history of the anatomy and physiology of a mysterious and hidden gland called the pancreas. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;37(9):527-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.06.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Modlin IM, Kidd M. 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