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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690465</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2026.03.203537</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The combined use of inhaled nitric oxide and molecular hydrogen in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комбинированное применение ингаляционного оксида азота и молекулярного водорода у пациентов с постковидным синдромом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-4297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakova</surname><given-names>Darya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Позднякова</surname><given-names>Дарья Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. госпитальной терапии Института материнства и детства</p></bio><email>daryapozdn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-7346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. госпитальной терапии Института материнства и детства</p></bio><email>daryapozdn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-2679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selemir</surname><given-names>Victor D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селемир</surname><given-names>Виктор Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р физ.-мат. наук, зам. научного рук. по электрофизическому направлению</p></bio><email>daryapozdn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>Олег Стефанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. фармакологии фак-та фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>daryapozdn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-5450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchalin</surname><given-names>Alexander G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучалин</surname><given-names>Александр Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. госпитальной терапии Института материнства и детства</p></bio><email>daryapozdn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГУП «Российский федеральный ядерный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Issues of pulmonology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы пульмонологии</issue-title><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/690465">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/690465</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Medical gases, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and molecular hydrogen (iH2), have been used in the therapy for various medical conditions. When combined, these gases have shown to be more effective and safer for patients, and may become a promising treatment option for various diseases рost-COVID-19 syndrome (PS).</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To compare the efficacy and safety of combined therapy iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> with monotherapy iNO and a control group in patients with respiratory disorders during with PS.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A prospective, open-label, controlled trial involving 60 patients with PS was conducted in parallel groups (the mean age of the participants was 58.1 ± 12.9 years, and the sample consisted of 18 men and 42 women). The participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1 (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> treatment; 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – only iNO treatment; and 3 (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – control group. The duration of treatment was 10 days, and the treatment involved inhalation through a nasal cannula for 90 minutes (flow rate of 4 liters per minute, iH<sub>2</sub> concentrations &lt; 4%, iNO – 60 pmm). Clinical outcomes were assessed using self-observation diaries, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale questionnaires, the "Language of Dyspnea" Scale, Fatigue Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Short Form-36 Health Status Survey questionnaires. Additionally, a 6-Minute Walk Test was performed, and indicators of oxidative status in blood serum and microcirculation in the bulbar conjunctiva were measured.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The course of iNO/iН<sub>2</sub> and iNO led to regression of the clinical manifestations of PS (dyspnea, cough, fatigue), improved the physical and psychological component of quality of life, and contributed to improvement in microcirculation (increased venule diameter and velocity) compared to the control group (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). In combination therapy, there was an increase in distance traveled by 6-minute walk test and decrease in reactive oxygen species compared to iNO and control groups (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). No serious adverse events were noted.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The study demonstrates the advantage of the iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> course in comparison with iNO and control in the rehabilitation program of patients with PS. The safety and effectiveness of the iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> course has been proven in the form of regression of clinical manifestations of PS, improvement of quality of life, exercise tolerance, microcirculation parameters, and restoration of the oxidative status of the body.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Медицинские газы, ингаляционные оксид азота (iNO) и молекулярный водород (iH2), внедрены в терапию многих нозологий. Их комбинация демонстрирует более эффективный и безопасный результат у пациентов и может стать перспективным направлением в лечении различных заболеваний, в том числе постковидного синдрома (ПКС).</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить эффективность и безопасность комбинированной ингаляции NO и Н<sub>2</sub> по сравнению с ингаляциями NO и контролем у пациентов с респираторными нарушениями при ПКС.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В проспективном открытом контролируемом исследовании в параллельных группах приняли участие 60 пациентов с ПКС (18/42 – мужчины/женщины, средний возраст – 58,1 ± 12,9 года). Выделено 3 группы: 1-я (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – курс iNO/iH<sub>2</sub>; 2-я (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – курс iNO; 3-я (<italic>n</italic> = 20) – группа контроля. Продолжительность ингаляции через носовую канюлю – 90 мин (поток – 4 л/мин, концентрация iH<sub>2</sub> &lt; 4%, iNO – 60 ppm). Курс – 10 дней. Оценивали клинические симптомы (дневник самоконтроля, опросники Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, «Язык одышки», Fatigue Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The Short Form-36 Health Status Survey), Тест 6-минутной ходьбы, показатели окислительного статуса организма в сыворотке крови и микроциркуляторного кровообращения в бульбарной конъюнктиве.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Курс iNO/iН<sub>2</sub> и iNO привел к регрессу клинических проявлений ПКС (одышки, кашля, утомляемости), повысил физический и психоэмоциональный компоненты качества жизни и способствовал улучшению микроциркуляторного кровообращения (увеличение диаметра и объемной скорости в венулах) в сравнении с группой контроля (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,05). На фоне комбинированной терапии произошло увеличение пройденной дистанции по Тесту 6-минутной ходьбы и снижение количества активных форм кислорода в сравнении с группами iNO и контроля (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,05). Развития серьезных нежелательных явлений не отмечено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Исследование демонстрирует преимущество курса iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> в сравнении с iNO и контролем в реабилитационной программе пациентов с ПКС. Доказана безопасность и эффективность курса iNO/iH<sub>2</sub> в виде регресса клинических проявлений ПКС, улучшения качества жизни, толерантности к физической нагрузке, параметров микроциркуляции, восстановления окислительного статуса организма.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NO</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>H2</kwd><kwd>molecular hydrogen</kwd><kwd>post-acute-COVID-19 syndrome</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NO</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>H2</kwd><kwd>молекулярный водород</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chuang HJ, Lin CW, Hsiao MY, et al. Long COVID and rehabilitation. J Formos Med Assoc. 2024;123(Suppl. 1):S61-9. 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