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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654991</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2025.07.203270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Principles of diet therapy for sarcopenic obesity: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Принципы диетотерапии саркопенического ожирения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-397X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovskaya</surname><given-names>Е. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павловская</surname><given-names>Елена Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд-ния педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии, проф. каф. диетологии и нутрициологии</p></bio><email>elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-8748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislyak</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисляк</surname><given-names>Оксана Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. факультетской терапии Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-9233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубова</surname><given-names>Антонина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц., зам. дир. по научной и лечебной работе, зав. каф. факультетской терапии Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>elena_pavlovsky@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vario (various)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Vario (разное)</issue-title><fpage>571</fpage><lpage>579</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-10"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/654991">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/654991</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nutrition and physical activity play a key role in the onset and progression of sarcopenic obesity (SO). Therefore, dietary interventions are essential in comprehensive programs to prevent and treat this condition. The classic approach to obesity diet therapy, which is to reduce the caloric value of the diet, is associated with a decrease in body weight due to both fat and fat-free components. In elderly patients with SO, a reduction in body weight impacts not only the muscle mass but also muscle function. A promising approach to diet therapy for this type of obesity is qualitative modification of the diet structure used for weight loss. The clinical role of specific components of diets, foods, and overall dietary patterns that are effective for CO treatment remains poorly understood. Sufficient intake of high-quality protein and branched-chain amino acids is known to stabilize and increase muscle mass, and recommended protein intakes in patients with SO of different ages continue to be discussed. It has been shown that in the elderly and senile age, the need for energy decreases; however, the need for protein increases. The role of ù-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, and polyphenols in the treatment of SO may be due to their anti-inflammatory effect, as well as, possibly, activation of mitochondrial functions and regulation of myogenesis processes. Developing and using specialized foods containing proteins, branched-chain amino acids, and other key nutrients can improve the effectiveness of SO therapy. The review summarizes modern nutritional approaches to SO.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Питание, наряду с физической активностью, играет ключевую роль в возникновении и прогрессировании саркопенического ожирения (СО), что определяет важность диетологических вмешательств в комплексных программах профилактики и лечения этого заболевания. Классический подход к диетотерапии ожирения, который заключается в снижении энергетической ценности рациона, сопровождается снижением массы тела за счет как жирового, так и безжирового компонентов. У пожилых пациентов с СО снижение массы тела негативно отражается не только на количестве мышечной массы, но и на функции мышц. Перспективным подходом к диетотерапии этой формы ожирения является качественная модификация структуры диеты, используемой для снижения массы тела. Клиническая роль конкретных компонентов рациона питания, пищевых продуктов и моделей питания в целом, которые позволяют эффективно бороться с СО, остается малоизученной. Известна необходимость достаточного потребления белка высокого качества и аминокислот с разветвленной цепью для стабилизации и увеличения мышечной массы, при этом рекомендуемые нормы потребления белка у пациентов с СО различного возраста продолжают обсуждаться. Показано, что в пожилом и старческом возрасте на фоне снижения потребности в энергии увеличивается потребность в белке. Роль ù-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, витамина D, кальция и полифенолов в лечении СО может быть обусловлена их противовоспалительным действием, а также, возможно, активацией функций митохондрий и регуляцией процессов миогенеза. Разработка и назначение специализированных пищевых продуктов, содержащих как белок, аминокислоты с разветвленной цепью, так и другие ключевые пищевые вещества, позволит повысить эффективность терапии СО. В обзоре суммированы современные диетологические подходы при СО.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>protein</kwd><kwd>leucine</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>polyunsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>polyphenols</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>белок</kwd><kwd>лейцин</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>полифенолы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Donini LM, Busetto L, Bischoff SC, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement. Obes Facts. 2022;15(3):321-35. DOI:10.1159/000521241</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis: Implications for insulin-sensitizing agents. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(6):1447-67. 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