<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646288</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2025.02.203203</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cardiometabolic and genetic factors in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кардиометаболические и генетические факторы прогрессирования метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-9745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gomonova</surname><given-names>Veronika P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гомонова</surname><given-names>Вероника Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент Научно-клинического и образовательного центра гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>veronikakovyazina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-6142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raikhelson</surname><given-names>Karina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райхельсон</surname><given-names>Карина Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. Научно-клинического и образовательного центра гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>veronikakovyazina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы гастроэнтерологии</issue-title><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/646288">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/646288</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the contribution of cardiometabolicfactors and <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M (rs738409 C&gt;G) gene polymorphism to the development of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>108 patients with MASLD were enrolled and formed the internal validation group; 30 patients with MASLD were selected for external validation. Anamnestic data, anthropometric and laboratory parameters and the presence of <italic>PNPLA3</italic> gene polymorphism I148M (rs738409 C&gt;G) were assessed. Steatosis was detected by assessing the controlled attenuation parameter. Liver elasticity was assessed by transient elastography. cACLD was detected when the liver stiffness was ≥8 kPa.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Statistically significant difference was observed in the internal validation group during comparison of the incidence of cACLD depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (odds ratio – OR 5.58; 95% confidence interval – CI 1.21–25.71), type 2 diabetes mellitus – T2DM (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.59–13.21), obesity (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.1–8.9), dyslipidemia (OR 6.12; 95% CI 1.33–28.19) and the mutant G allele of the <italic>PNPLA3</italic> gene (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.28–11.88). Patients with cACLD had significantly higher mean values of waist circumference (WC), alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and triglycerides, non-invasive markers of steatosis and fibrosis. The compiled prognostic model demonstrated a direct relationship between the likelihood of developing cACLD and the presence of T2DM (adjusted odds ratio – AOR 3.28; 95% CI 0.62–17.33), dyslipidemia (AOR 5.89; 95% CI 1.21–28.67) and WC value (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.11). <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M gene polymorphism did not significantly affect the development of late stages of the disease. External validation of the model showed its moderate diagnostic ability.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>T2DM, dyslipidemia and WC values are the determining factors in the development of cACLD in patients with MASLD. The <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M gene polymorphism has no leading importance for the development of the progressive course of MASLD in the studied cohort.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить вклад кардиометаболических факторов и полиморфизма гена <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M (rs738409 C&gt;G) в развитие компенсированного продвинутого хронического заболевания печени (КПХЗП) у пациентов с метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезнью печени (МАЖБП).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Включены 108 пациентов с МАЖБП – они составили группу внутренней валидации. Для внешней валидации отобраны 30 пациентов с МАЖБП. Оценивались анамнестические, антропометрические и лабораторные данные, наличие полиморфизма гена <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M (rs738409 C&gt;G). Стеатоз выявлялся путем оценки контролируемого параметра затухания ультразвука (КПЗУ). Жесткость печени оценивалась методом транзиентной эластографии. КПХЗП устанавливалось при значении жесткости печени ≥8 кПа.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В группе внутренней валидации получены статистически значимые различия при сравнении частоты КПХЗП в зависимости от наличия артериальной гипертензии (отношение шансов – ОШ 5,58; 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 1,21–25,71), сахарного диабета 2-го типа – СД 2 (ОШ 4,58; 95% ДИ 1,59–13,21), ожирения (ОШ 3,13; 95% ДИ 1,1–8,9), дислипидемии (ОШ 6,12; 95% ДИ 1,33–28,19) и мутантного G-аллеля гена <italic>PNPLA3</italic> (ОШ 3,9; 95% ДИ 1,28–11,88). У пациентов с КПХЗП выявлены достоверно более высокие средние значения окружности талии (ОТ), аланинаминотрансферазы, аспартатаминотрансферазы, γ-глутамилтрансферазы и триглицеридов, неинвазивных показателей стеатоза. Составленная прогностическая модель продемонстрировала прямую связь вероятности возникновения КПХЗП с наличием СД 2 (ОШ 3,28; 95% ДИ 0,62–17,33), дислипидемией (ОШ 5,89; 95% ДИ 1,21–28,67) и значением ОТ (ОШ 1,05; 95% ДИ 1,01–1,11). Полиморфизм гена <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M не оказал значимого влияния на формирование поздних стадий заболевания. Внешняя валидация модели показала ее умеренную диагностическую способность.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>СД 2, дислипидемия и значения ОТ являются определяющими факторами в развитии КПХЗП у пациентов с МАЖБП. Полиморфизм гена <italic>PNPLA3</italic> I148M не имеет ведущего значения в развитии прогрессирующего течения МАЖБП в исследуемой когорте.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease</kwd><kwd>compensated advanced chronic liver disease</kwd><kwd>cardiometabolic risk factors</kwd><kwd>PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>transient elastography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>компенсированное продвинутое хроническое заболевание печени</kwd><kwd>кардиометаболические факторы риска</kwd><kwd>PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>транзиентная эластография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nassir F. NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules. 2022;12(6):824. DOI:10.3390/biom12060824</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Riazi K, Azhari H, Charette JH, et al. The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(9):851-61. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00165-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, et al. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-47. DOI:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в России: метаанализ. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-9 [Maev IV, Andreev DN. Kucheryavyy YuA. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fat disease liver in Russian Federation: meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2023.5.202155</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology. 2023;78(6):1966-86. DOI:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000520</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Райхельсон К.Л., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., и др. Жировая болезнь печени: новая номенклатура и ее адаптация в Российской Федерации. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2024;34(2):35-44 [Raikhelson KL, Maevskaya MV, Zharkova MS, et al. Steatotic Liver Disease: New Nomenclature and Its Localization in the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2024;34(2):35-44 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2024-961</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Mundi MS, Velapati S, Patel J, et al. Evolution of NAFLD and Its Management. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35(1):72-84. DOI:10.1002/ncp.10449</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Sanyal AJ, Castera L, Wong VW. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(8):2026-39. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2023.03.042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis – 2021 update. J Hepatol. 2021;75(3):659-89. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Shiha G, Ibrahim A, Helmy A, et al. Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) consensus guidelines on invasive and non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis: a 2016 update. Hepatol Int. 2017;11(1):1-30. DOI:10.1007/s12072-016-9760-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Sterling RK, Duarte-Rojo A, Patel K, et al. AASLD Practice Guideline on imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Hepatology. 2025;81(2):672-724. DOI:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000843</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>de Franchis R; Baveno VI Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015;63(3):743-52. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII – Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022;76(4):959-74. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Papatheodoridi M, Hiriart JB, Lupsor-Platon M, et al. Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2021;74(5):1109-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.050</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., и др. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества по изучению печени, Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Национального общества профилактической кардиологии по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(4):104-40 [Ivashkin VT, Maevskaya MV, Zharkova MS, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society, Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians and National Society for Preventive Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(4):104-40 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-140</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Calzadilla Bertot L, Adams LA. The Natural Course of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(5):774. DOI:10.3390/ijms17050774</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Carlsson B, Lindén D, Brolén G, et al. Review article: the emerging role of genetics in precision medicine for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51(12):1305-20. DOI:10.1111/apt.15738</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Куртанов Х.А., Сыдыкова Л.А., Павлова Н.И., и др. Полиморфизм гена адипонутрина (PNPLAЗ) у коренных жителей Республики Саха (Якутия), страдающих сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Альманах клинической медицины. 2018;46(3):258-63 [Kurtanov KhA, Sydykova LA, Pavlova NI, et al. Polymorphism of the adiponutrin gene (PNPLA3) in the indigenous inhabitants of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(3):258-63 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-3-258-263</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Кролевец Т.С., Ливзан М.А., Ахмедов В.А., Новиков Д.Г. Исследование полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и различной стадией фиброза. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2018;159(11):24-32 [Krolevets TS, Livzan MA, Akhmedov VA, Novikov DG. Study of PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various stages of fibrosis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;159(11):24-32 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-159-11-24-32</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Райхельсон К.Л., Ковязина В.П., Сидоренко Д.В., и др. Влияние полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 на течение неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. РМЖ. 2019;12:85-8 [Raikhelson KL, Kovyazina VP, Sidorenko DV, et al. PNPLA gene polymorphism impact on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease course. RMJ. 2019;12:85-8 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Гомонова В.П., Райхельсон К.Л., Пазенко Е.В., и др. Компенсированное продвинутое хроническое заболевание печени у пациентов с метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезнью печени: ассоциация с кардиометаболическими факторами. Сеченовский вестник. 2024;15(3):15-25 [Gomonova VP, Raikhelson KL, Pazenko EV, et al. Compensated advanced chronic liver disease in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: association with cardiometabolic factors. Sechenov Medicine Journal. 2024;15(3):15-25 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47093/2218-7332.2024.1075.16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Peck-Radosavljevic M. Thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease. Liver Int. 2017;37(6):778-93. DOI:10.1111/liv.13317</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Li L, et al. Effect of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Cancer in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2020;71(3):808-19. DOI:10.1002/hep.31014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Méndez-Sánchez N, Cerda-Reyes E, Higuera-de-la-Tijera F. Dyslipidemia as a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression in a multicentric population with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. F1000Res. 2020;9:56. DOI:10.12688/f1000research.21918.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Nderitu P, Bosco C, Garmo H, et al. The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(6):1148-60. DOI:10.1002/ijc.30818</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander M, Loomis AK, van der Lei, J, et al. Risks and clinical predictors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnoses in adults with diagnosed NAFLD: real-world study of 18 million patients in four European cohorts. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):95. DOI:10.1186/s12916-019-1321-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Unalp-Arida A, Ruhl CE. Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 3 I148M and Liver Fat and Fibrosis Scores Predict Liver Disease Mortality in the U.S. Population. Hepatology. 2020;71(3):820-34. DOI:10.1002/hep.31032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, et al. Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis patients with HIV/HCV co-infection. Hepatology. 2006;43:1317-25. DOI:10.1002/hep.21178</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Dai G, Liu P, Li X, et al. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000014324</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Angulo P, Hui JM, Marchesini G, et al. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology. 2007;45(4):846-54. DOI:10.1002/hep.21496</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
