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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643411</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2025.12.203452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Predictors of ineffective therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis requiring bDMARDs/JAKi switching: data from a single-center prospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы неэффективности терапии у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, нуждающихся в смене ГИБП/иJAK: данные одноцентрового проспективного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-8988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>Anastasia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач-ревматолог</p></bio><email>nasta07041@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>Aleksander M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., дир., зав. каф. ревматологии</p></bio><email>nasta07041@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-0711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. лаб. патофизиологии боли и полиморфизма ревматических заболеваний</p></bio><email>nasta07041@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vario (various)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Vario (разное)</issue-title><fpage>973</fpage><lpage>980</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/643411">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/643411</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the treatment target of remission or low disease activity is achieved in only 50–60% of patients, even with the use of modern targeted therapies, such as biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi). The failure of a bDMARD or JAKi necessitates switching to another treatment of these classes. However, the factors influencing the treatment effectiveness after such a switch remain unknown.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To identify factors associated with poor response when switching bDMARDs/JAKi in RA patients whose previous bDMARDs/JAKi were also ineffective.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A total of 164 patients with RA, 46.5±14 years old, 86.6% female, RF '+' 76.8%, with Disease Activity Score – DAS28&gt;3.2, who had failed prior bDMARD/JAKi therapy requiring a switch were enrolled. DAS28-CRP was assessed 6 months after induction of new bDMARDs/JAKi therapy. Patients with moderate/high RA activity (DAS28-CRP&gt;3.2) were classified as non-responders (group 1), patients in remission/ low disease activity were classified as responders (group 2). Factors associated with poor response to therapy when switching bDMARDs/JAKi were identified, and then a predictive model was formed by binary logistic regression.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Group 1 included 80 (48.8%) patients and group 2 included 84 (51.2%) patients. Group 1 showed statistically significantly higher body mass index (BMI), later age of onset of RA, less advanced radiological stage, baseline greater TJC (tender joint count) and SJC (swollen joint count), more severe PtPGA and PhPGA, higher DAS28-CRP, CDAI and SDAI, higher PainDetect, HADS depression, FSS, CSI, FiRST, FACIT-F, higher BPI pain (for all parameters <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05). A regression model for bDMARD/JAKi switching ineffectiveness with a sensitivity of 77.5% and specificity of 70.2% included BMI, RF seronegativity, CSI, PainDetect numeric score (signs of neuropathic pain), BPI (mean pain) and GC intake at baseline.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Initial higher RA activity, pain severity, BMI, signs of central sensitisation and psychoemotional disturbance, and need for GC are associated with a poor response to therapy when switching bDMARDs/JAKi.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>При ревматоидном артрите (РА) достичь цели лечения (ремиссии или низкой воспалительной активности) удается лишь 50–60% пациентов даже при использовании современных патогенетических средств, таких как генно-инженерные биологические препараты (ГИБП) и ингибиторы янус-киназ (иJAK). Неэффективность ГИБП/иJAK определяет необходимость переключения на другие препараты этих групп. До настоящего времени остаются неизвестными факторы, влияющие на эффективность лечения при переключении терапии ГИБП/иJAK.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Выявить факторы, ассоциированные с недостаточным ответом при переключении терапии ГИБП/иJAK у больных РА, у которых предшествующее лечение ГИБП/иJAK также было неэффективным.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Включены 164 пациента с РА в возрасте 46,5±14,2 года, 86,6% – женщины, ревматоидный фактор «+» у 76,8%, с индексом активности заболевания (Disease Activity Score – DAS или DAS28)&gt;3,2, у которых предшествующая терапия ГИБП/иJAK была неэффективной и требовалось ее переключение. Через 6 мес после индукции новой терапии ГИБП/иJAK проведена оценка DAS, который измеряется по С-реактивному белку (DAS28-СРБ). Пациенты, у которых сохранялась умеренная/высокая активность РА (DAS28-СРБ&gt;3,2), отнесены к неответчикам (к группе 1), пациенты с ремиссией/низкой воспалительной активностью – к ответчикам (к группе 2). Выделены факторы, ассоциированные с низким ответом на терапию при переключении ГИБП/иJAK, а затем методом бинарной логистической регрессии сформирована прогностическая модель.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В группу 1 вошли 80 (48,8%) пациентов, в группу 2 – 84 (51,2%). В группе 1 отмечены статистически значимо более высокий индекс массы тела (ИМТ), более поздний возраст начала РА, менее выраженная рентгенологическая стадия, исходно большее число болезненных и припухших суставов, более выраженные оценки активности заболевания пациентом и врачом, более высокие DAS28-СРБ, CDAI и SDAI, более высокое значение по опросникам PainDetect, HADS, FSS, CSI, FiRST, FACIT-F, более интенсивная боль по опроснику BPI (для всех параметров <italic>p</italic>&lt;0,05). Регрессионная модель неэффективности при переключении ГИБП/иJAK с чувствительностью 77,5% и специфичностью 70,2% включала ИМТ, серонегативность по ревматоидному фактору, число болезненных суставов, числовое значение PainDetect (признаки невропатической боли), BPI (среднюю боль) и прием глюкокортикоидов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Исходно более высокая активность РА, более интенсивная боль, ИМТ, признаки центральной сенситизации и психоэмоциональных нарушений, а также потребность в глюкокортикоидах ассоциируются с недостаточным ответом на лечение при переключении терапии ГИБП/иJAK.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs</kwd><kwd>Janus kinase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>switching</kwd><kwd>response to therapy</kwd><kwd>predictor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы янус-киназ</kwd><kwd>переключение</kwd><kwd>ответ на терапию</kwd><kwd>предиктор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared as part of the fundamental research project "Development of a personalized treatment program for refractory RA based on the study of molecular genetic and molecular biological predictors. Creation and testing of a registry of patients with rheumatoid arthritis resistant to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) FURS-2022-008 (state assignment No. 1021051503137-7)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках фундаментальной научной тематики «Разработка персонализированной программы лечения рефрактерного РА на основе изучения молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических предикторов. Создание и апробация регистра пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, резистентных к базисной противовоспалительной терапии» FURS-2022-008 (государственное задание №1021051503137-7)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Насонов Е.Л., Олюнин Ю.А., Лила А.М. Ревматоидный артрит: проблемы ремиссии и резистентности к терапии. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2018;56(3):363-71 [Nasonov EL, Olyunin YuA, Lila AM. 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