<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">631950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2024.08.202810</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The relationship between diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical and instrumental paired study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь сахарного диабета и неалкогольной жировой болезни печени: клинико-инструментальное парное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-5285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sasunova</surname><given-names>Armida N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сасунова</surname><given-names>Армида Нисановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отд-ния гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии</p></bio><email>thisalexis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-8602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>Alexey А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отд-ния гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии</p></bio><email>thisalexis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-8545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapparova</surname><given-names>Kamilat M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаппарова</surname><given-names>Камилат Минкаиловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием реабилитационной диетотерапии</p></bio><email>thisalexis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-8076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakov</surname><given-names>Vasily A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаков</surname><given-names>Василий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отд-нием гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии</p></bio><email>thisalexis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Treatment issues</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы лечения</issue-title><fpage>764</fpage><lpage>770</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-14"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/631950">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/631950</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To study the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>To conduct a paired case-control study 2989 patients were examined at the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety. Pairs were matched by gender and age and distributed into groups: NAFLD + DM2+ (<italic>n</italic>=313), NAFLD + DM2- (n=313) and a control group of patients without NAFLD and without DM2 (<italic>n</italic>=313). The severity of liver steatosis was determined by measuring the controlled attenuation parameter. The severity of liver fibrosis was determined by measuring the liver stiffness measurement. Body composition of the patients was determined using bioimpedance measurements. Indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the serum activity of liver enzymes was determined by standard biochemical methods.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>In NAFLD + DM2+ group compared to NAFLD + DM2- group, and in NAFLDM + DM2-compared to the control group, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio were higher, while in all. In NAFLD + DM2+ and NAFLD + DM2- groups the volume of fat mass directly correlated with the level of blood triglycerides (<italic>r</italic>=0.21), HbA<sub>1</sub><sub>с</sub> (<italic>r</italic>=0.32) and fasting blood glucose (<italic>r</italic>=0.35), and inversely correlated with high-density lipoproteins (<italic>r</italic>=-0.19). In NAFLD + DM2+ group versus NAFLD + DM2- group severe steatosis (S3, 78% versus 59.4%; <italic>p&lt;</italic>0.001) and severe fibrosis (F4, 8% vs 2.6%; <italic>p&lt;</italic>0.001) was more common; 70% of patients in the NAFLD + DM2- group had no liver fibrosis according to elastography (F0), while in the NAFLD + DM2+ group only 43.2% of patients had no liver fibrosis (<italic>p&lt;</italic>0.0001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>When NAFLD is accompanied by DM2, there is an increase in total fat mass, the severity of steatosis and liver fibrosis, and an associated deterioration of lipid metabolism. More than half of these patients have various stages of liver fibrosis, which indicates the progressive nature of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель. </bold>Изучить влияние сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД 2) на тяжесть стеатоза и фиброза печени у больных неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Для проведения парного исследования «случай-контроль» из 2989 пациентов, проходивших обследование в ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии», сформированы пары, совпадающие по полу и возрасту, распределенные по группам: НАЖБП + СД 2+ (<italic>n</italic>=313), НАЖБП + СД 2- (<italic>n</italic>=313) и контрольная группа пациентов без НАЖБП и без СД 2 (<italic>n</italic>=313). Выраженность стеатоза печени определялась при помощи измерения контролируемого параметра затухания ультразвуковой волны, выраженность фиброза печени оценивалась при помощи определения показателя эластичности печени. Состав тела пациентов изучался с использованием биоимпедансометрии. Показатели липидного и углеводного обмена, а также активность ферментов печени в сыворотке крови определялись стандартными биохимическими методами.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>При сравнении антропометрических показателей в группе НАЖБП + СД 2+ по сравнению с группой НАЖБП + СД 2-, а у последней – по сравнению с контрольной группой оказались выше масса тела, индекс массы тела, окружность талии и бедер, соотношение талии к бедрам. При этом в группах НАЖБП + СД 2+ и НАЖБП + СД 2- объем жировой массы прямо коррелировал с уровнем триглицеридов крови (<italic>r</italic>=0,21), гликированного гемоглобина (<italic>r</italic>=0,32), глюкозы крови натощак (<italic>r</italic>=0,35) и обратно – с липопротеидами высокой плотности (<italic>r</italic>=-0,19). При оценке выраженности стеатоза и фиброза печени в группе НАЖБП + СД 2+ по сравнению с группой НАЖБП + СД 2- тяжелая степень стеатоза (S3, 78% против 59,4%; <italic>p&lt;</italic>0,001) и тяжелая степень фиброза печени (F4, 8% против 2,6%; <italic>p&lt;</italic>0,001) встречались чаще. При этом у 70% пациентов группы НАЖБП + СД 2- по данным эластографии фиброз печени отсутствовал (F0), в то же время в группе НАЖБП + СД 2+ в эту категорию попадали только 43,2% пациентов (<italic>p&lt;</italic>0,0001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>При присоединении к НАЖБП СД 2 наблюдается увеличение общей жировой массы, выраженности стеатоза и фиброза печени и связанного с ними ухудшения показателей липидного обмена. Более чем у 1/2 таких пациентов имеется фиброз печени различных стадий, что указывает на прогрессирующий характер заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>hepatic steatosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>стеатоз печени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with funding from the Russian Science Foundation (grant №19-76-30014-P).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансировании Российского научного фонда (грант №19-76-30014-П).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hazlehurst JM, Woods C, Marjot T, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1096-108. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Williamson RM, Price JF, Glancy S, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(5):1139-44. DOI:10.2337/dc10-2229</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kotronen A, Juurinen L, Hakkarainen A, et al. Liver fat is increased in type 2 diabetic patients and underestimated by serum alanine amino-transferase compared with equally obese non diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):165-9. DOI:10.2337/dc07-1463</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Targher G, Byrne CD. Clinical Review: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel cardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):483-95. DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-3093</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Dharmalingam M, Yamasandhi PG. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(3):421-8. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_585_17</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV, et al. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(18):1675-85. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0907929</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Karlas T, Petroff D, Sasso M, et al. Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis. J Hepatol. 2017;66(5):1022-30. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Tsochatzis EA, Gurusamy KS, Ntaoula S. et al. Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. J Hepatol. 2011;54(4):650-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.033</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Parry SA, Hodson L. Managing NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetes: The Effect of Lifestyle Interventions, a Narrative Review. Adv Ther. 2020;37(4):1381-406. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01281-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ryysy L, Häkkinen AM, Goto T, et al. Hepatic fat content and insulin action on free fatty acids and glucose metabolism rather than insulin absorption are associated with insulin requirements during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2000;49(5):749-58. DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.749</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kotronen A, Juurinen L, Tiikkainen M, et al. Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(1):122-30. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Gastaldelli A, Cusi K. From NASH to diabetes and from diabetes to NASH: Mechanisms and treatment options. JHEP Rep. 2019;1(4):312-28. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.07.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetologia. 2016;59(6):1121-40. DOI:10.1007/s00125-016-3902-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Shih CI, Wu KT, Hsieh MH, et al. Severity of fatty liver is highly correlated with the risk of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(1):138-54. DOI:10.1007/s12072-023-10576-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Sinn DH, Kang D, Guallar E, et al. Regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with reduced risk of incident diabetes: A longitudinal cohort study. PLoS One. 2023;18(7):e0288820. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0288820</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Dulai PS, Singh S, Patel J, et al. Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2017;65(5):1557-65. DOI:10.1002/hep.29085</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality Outcomes by Fibrosis Stage in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931-9.e5. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2022.04.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Newsome PN, Buchholtz K, Cusi K, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1113-24. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2028395</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ghosal S, Datta D, Sinha B. A meta-analysis of the effects of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22063. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-01663-y</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
