<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">629622</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202582</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of human placenta hydrolyzate in the treatment of patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease at the stage of fibrosis (pilot study)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность гидролизата плаценты человека при метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени на стадии фиброза (пилотное исследование)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-8375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinnitskaya</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винницкая</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд. гепатологии</p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandler</surname><given-names>Yuliay G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандлер</surname><given-names>Юлия Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. научно-исследовательского отд. гепатологии </p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-7052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saliev</surname><given-names>Kirill G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салиев</surname><given-names>Кирилл Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. отд. гепатологии </p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-4221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Anton N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. отд. гепатологии </p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sbikina</surname><given-names>Evgenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сбикина</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. отд. гепатологии </p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaymenova</surname><given-names>Tatyana Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайменова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием заболеваний печени</p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-3992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bordin</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бордин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд. патологии поджелудочной железы, желчных путей и верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта ГБУЗ «МКНЦ им. А.С. Логинова», проф. каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины», проф. каф. общей врачебной практики и семейной медицины фак-та последипломного образования ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской ГМУ»</p></bio><email>y.sandler@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Issues of gastroenterology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы гастроэнтерологии</issue-title><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/629622">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/629622</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Despite active research, drug treatment options for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are limited, and there are no currently approved drugs for patients with MAFLD. Treatment of patients at risk of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and progressive liver fibrosis (LF) is of particular relevance, since they determine the clinical outcomes of the disease.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of complex polypeptide drug (CPD), human placenta hydrolyzate, containing low molecular weight regulatory peptides, amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements in patients with MAFLD at the LF stage.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A single-center, placebo-controlled pilot study. Patients with MAFLD at LF stage 1≤F≤3 according to METAVIR were included (<italic>n</italic>=10, of which 8 were women, median age was 55 years old). Patients were randomized into 2 groups: 5 people received CPD therapy for 12 weeks (intravenous infusion of 6 ml 2 times a week); another 5 people initially received placebo x 2 times a week (12 weeks), with transfer to the open phase for CPD therapy in the same regimen. The dynamics laboratory and instrumental data was assessed, as well as determine the presence of fibrosis by non-invasive tests – measurement of liver stiffness by transient elastography and use of serum biomarker (SM) by FibroTest and detection of steatosis with controlled attenuation parameter for transient elastography and SM by SteatoTest. The quality of life of patients was assessed using questionnaire SF-36 and well-being via Visual Analogue Scale. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the methods of nonparametric analysis, using the Statistica 13.3 software.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Patients in the CPD group compared with the baseline data and with the placebo group showed a statistically significant improvement: 1) transaminases (ALT, AST), lipid profile indicators (cholesterol), ferritin; 2) indicators of LF, based on a decrease in liver stiffness by transient elastography and SM of Fibrotest, as well as the degree of steatosis based on controlled attenuation parameter and SM of Steatotest; 3) in well-being and quality of life (according to testing: SF-36 physical, mental well-being and general condition of the VAS). CPD was well tolerated, no side effects were noted.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>In patients with MAFLD during CPD therapy, a decrease in the level of liver enzymes was noted, as well as in LF and liver steatosis according to noninvasive methods. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Несмотря на активные исследования, возможности медикаментозной терапии метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени (МАЖБП) ограничены. Особую актуальность приобретает лечение больных, подверженных риску развития неалкогольного стеатогепатита и прогрессирующего фиброза печени (ФП), которые определяют клинические исходы заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить клиническую эффективность комплексного полипептидного препарата гидролизата плаценты человека (ГПЧ), содержащего низкомолекулярные регуляторные пептиды, аминокислоты, витамины, макро- и микроэлементы, у пациентов с МАЖБП на стадии ФП.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено одноцентровое пилотное плацебо-контролируемое исследование. Включены пациенты с МАЖБП на стадии ФП 1≤F≤3 по METAVIR (<italic>n</italic>=10, из них 2 мужчин и 8 женщин, медиана возраста – 55 лет). Пациенты рандомизированы на 2 группы: 5 человек получали терапию ГПЧ (6 мл внутривенно капельно 2 раза в неделю) в течение 12 нед, 5 других – плацебо (физраствор внутривенно капельно 2 раза в неделю) на протяжении 12 нед, с последующим переводом на терапию ГПЧ, 12 нед (открытая фаза). Оценивали динамику лабораторных и инструментальных данных, ФП неинвазивными методами с помощью определения жесткости печени транзиентной эластографией и сывороточных маркеров ФиброТеста, стеатоза печени (СП) – на основании стеатометрии на аппарате Фиброскан и лабораторных маркеров СтеатоТеста. Оценивали качество жизни пациентов по опроснику SF-36 и самочувствие по Визуальной аналоговой шкале. Статистическую обработку материала проводили методами непараметрического анализа с помощью программы Statistica 13.3.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У пациентов в группе применения ГПЧ по сравнению с исходными данными и с группой плацебо отмечено значимое улучшение: 1) биохимических показателей: маркеров цитолиза (аланинаминотрансферазы, аспартатаминотрансферазы), липидного профиля, уровня ферритина; 2) показателей ФП на основании снижения жесткости печени по данным транзиентной эластографии и биомаркеров фиброза по ФиброТесту, а также СП по результатам стеатометрии и СтеатоТеста; 3) самочувствия и качества жизни по шкалам SF-36 – физическое, душевное благополучие и общее состояние. Пациенты хорошо переносили ГПЧ, побочных эффектов не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>У пациентов с МАЖБП на фоне применения ГПЧ отмечено снижение уровня трансаминаз, показателей ФП и СП (по данным неинвазивных методов). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о целесообразности проведения многоцентрового двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного клинического исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic associated fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>steatohepatitis</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>liver steatosis</kwd><kwd>non-invasive tests</kwd><kwd>human placenta hydrolyzate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>стеатогепатит</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>стеатоз печени</kwd><kwd>неинвазивные тесты</kwd><kwd>гидролизат плаценты человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1 Suppl.):S47-64. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Geier A, Tiniakos D, Denk H, Trauner M. From the origin of NASH to the future of metabolic fatty liver disease. Gut. 2021;70(8):1570-9. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323202</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Бордин Д.С. Новая парадигма неалкогольной жировой болезни печени: фенотипическое многообразие метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2020;16(24):54-63 [Vinnitskaya YeV, Sandler YuG, Bordin DS. The New Paradigm of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Phenotypic Diversity of Metabolically Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2020;16(24):54-63 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33978/2307-3586-2020-16-24-54-63</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Younossi ZM, Marchesini G, Pinto-Cortez H, Petta S. Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Implications for Liver Transplantation. Transplantation. 2019;103(1):22-7. DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000002484</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetologia. 2016;59(6):1121-40. DOI:10.1007/s00125-016-3902-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84. DOI:10.1002/hep.28431</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-57. DOI:10.1002/hep.29367</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Younossi ZM, Loomba R, Anstee QM, et al. Diagnostic modalities for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and associated fibrosis. Hepatology. 2018;68(1):349-60. DOI:10.1002/hep.29721</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Sanyal AJ, Friedman SL, McCullough AJ, et al. Challenges and opportunities in drug and biomarker development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: findings and recommendations from an American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases-U.S. Food and Drug Administration Joint Workshop. Hepatology. 2015;61(4):1392-405. DOI:10.1002/hep.27678</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Dyson JK, McPherson S, Anstee QM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: non-invasive investigation and risk stratification. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(12):1033-45. DOI:10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201620</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Festi D, Schiumerini R, Scaioli E, Colecchia A. Letter: FibroTest for staging fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(6):656-7. DOI:10.1111/apt.12228</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Маевская М.В., Котовская Ю.В., Ивашкин В.Т., и др. Национальный Консенсус для врачей по ведению взрослых пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и ее основными коморбидными состояниями. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(2):216-53 [Maevskaya MV, Kotovskaya YuV, Ivashkin VT, et al. The National Consensus statement on the management of adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and main comorbidities. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):216-53. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sanal MG. Biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – the emperor has no clothes? World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(11):3223-31. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3223</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Castera L, Friedrich-Rust M, Loomba R. Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Disease in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(5):1264-81.e4. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.036.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lassailly G, Caiazzo R, Hollebecque A, et al. Validation of noninvasive biomarkers (FibroTest, SteatoTest, and NashTest) for prediction of liver injury in patients with morbid obesity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23(6):499-506. DOI:10.1097/meg.0b013e3283464111</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Кейян В.А., и др. Применение современных методов диагностики фиброза и стеатоза печени в диагностике хронических заболеваний печени в условиях стационарных и поликлинических учреждений: методические рекомендации. М. 2019 [Vinnitskaia EV, Sandler IuG, Keiian VA, et al. Primenenie sovremennykh metodov diagnostiki fibroza i steatoza pecheni v diagnostike khronicheskikh zabolevanii pecheni v usloviiakh statsionarnykh i poliklinicheskikh uchrezhdenii: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow. 2019 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Patel K, Sebastiani G. Limitations of non-invasive tests for assessment of liver fibrosis. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(2):100067. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100067</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Younossi ZM, Ratziu V, Loomba R, et al. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10215):2184-96. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)33041-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ratziu V, Sanyal A, Harrison SA, et al. Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study. Hepatology. 2020;72(3):892-905. DOI:10.1002/hep.31108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>AURORA: phase 3 study for the efficacy and safety of CVC for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 2017. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03028740. Accessed: 28.09.2023.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Newsome PN, Buchholtz K, Cusi K, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1113-24. DOI:10.1056/nejmoa2028395</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых: клинические рекомендации. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/748_1. Ссылка активна на 12.10.2023 [Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni u vzroslykh: klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/748_1. Accessed: 12.10.2023 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Тран В.Т., Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А. Открытое контролируемое исследование эффективности и безопасности применения Лаеннека для улучшения функции печени у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;(8):48-56 [Tran VT, Torshin IYu, Gromova OA. An open-label, controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of Laennec to improve liver function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(8):48-56 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-216-8-48-56</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Пирогова И.Ю., Неуймина Т.В., Сучкова О.В., и др. Препарат Лаеннек (гидролизат плаценты человека) в монотерапии стеатогепатитов смешанной этиологии. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2023;(8):37-47 [Pirogova IYu, Neuimina TV, Suchkova OV, et al. Laennec (Human placenta hydrolyzate) in monotherapy of mixed etiology of steatohepatitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(8):37-47 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-216-8-37-47</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Тихонова О.В., Згода В.Г. Гепатопротекторные пептиды препарата Лаеннек. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;(7):21-30 [Torshin IYu, Gromova OA, Tikhonova OV, Zgoda VG. Hepatoprotective peptides of the drug Laennec. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;(7):21-30 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-203-7-21-30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Malhi H, Gores GJ. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(5):1325-36. DOI:10.1007/s10620-015-3977-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Larter CZ, Yeh MM, Williams J, et al. MCD-induced steatohepatitis is associated with hepatic adiponectin resistance and adipogenic transformation of hepatocytes. J Hepatol. 2008;49(3):407-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.03.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Leclercq IA, Farrell GC, Field J, et al. CYP2E1 and CYP4A as microsomal catalysts of lipid peroxides in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest. 2000;105(8):1067-75. DOI:10.1172/jci8814</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Miyao M, Kotani H, Ishida T, et al. Pivotal role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in NAFLD/NASH progression. Lab Invest. 2015;95(10):1130-44. DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2015.95</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Yamauchi A, Kamiyoshi A, Koyama T, et al. Placental extract ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by exerting protective effects on endothelial cells. Heliyon. 2017;3(9):e00416. DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00416</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Wang G, Yeung CK, Wong WY, et al. Liver Fibrosis Can Be Induced by High Salt Intake through Excess Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production. J Agric Food Chem. 2016;64(7):1610-7. DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05897</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Chen CP, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Antiinflammation effect of human placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells is mediated by prostaglandin E2 via a myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent pathway. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(3):568-79. DOI:10.1097/aln.0b013e31826150a9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Samala N, Desai A, Vilar-Gomez E, et al. Decreased Quality of Life Is Significantly Associated With Body Composition in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(13):2980-8.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou R, Tardivel A, Thorens B, et al. Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol. 2009;11(2):136-40. DOI:10.1038/ni.1831</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Evans DL, Charney DS, Lewis L, et al. Mood disorders in the medically ill: scientific review and recommendations. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(3):175-89. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Vandanmagsar B, Youm Y-H, Ravussin A, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2011;17(2):179-88. DOI:10.1038/nm.2279</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Iwata M, Ota KT, Duman RS. The inflammasome: pathways linking psychological stress, depression, and systemic illnesses. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;31(1):105-14. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Mason DR, Beck PL, Muruve DA. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of non-microbial inflammation and diseases. Journal of Innate Immunity. 2012;4(1):16-30. DOI:10.1159/000334247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack DM, et al. Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf. Nature. 2004;430(6996):213-8. DOI:10.1038/nature02664</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome. Mol Cell. 2002;10(2):417-26. DOI:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00599-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140(6):821-32. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Park H-J, Shim H-S, Chung SY, et al. Soyo-san reduces depressive-like behavior and proinflammatory cytokines in ovariectomized female rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:34. DOI:10.1186/1472-6882-14-34</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Seo J-S, Park J-Y, Choi J, et al. NADPH oxidase mediates depressive behavior induced by chronic stress in mice. J Neurosci. 2012;32(28):9690-9. DOI:10.1523/jneurosci.0794-12.2012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Patil R, Dhawale K, Gound H, Gadakh R. Protective effect of leaves of murrayakoenigii on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia. Iran J Pharm Res. 2012;11(2):635-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Lenzi J, Rodrigues AF, de Sousa Rós A, et al. Erratum to: Ferulic acid chronic treatment exerts antidepressant-like effect: role of antioxidant defense system. Metab Brain Dis. 2015;30(6):1465. DOI:10.1007/s11011-015-9751-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Sacchet C, Mocelin R, Sachett A, et al. Antidepressant-Like and Antioxidant Effects of Plinia trunciflora in Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:601503. DOI:10.1155/2015/601503</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Silva MC, de Sousa CNS, Gomes PXL, et al. Evidence for protective effect of lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on oxidative stress in a model depression in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;64:142-8. DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Yu HC, Wu J, Zhang HX, et al. Antidepressant-like and anti-oxidative efficacy of Campsis grandiflora flower. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015;67(12):1705-15. DOI:10.1111/jphp.12466</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Chakraborty D, Basu JM, Sen P, et al. Human placental extract offers protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis: a pilot study for a phase-I clinical trial. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008;102(1):21-38. DOI:10.1179/136485908x252133</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Akyol N, Akpolat N. Effects of intraoperative oxidated regenerated cellulose on wound healing reaction after glaucoma filtration surgery: A comparative study with Interceed and Surgicel. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008;56(2):109-14. DOI:10.4103/0301-4738.39114</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Kaushal V, Verma K, Manocha S, et al. Clinical evaluation of human placental extract (placentrex) in radiation-induced oral mucositis. Int J Tissue React. 2001;23(3):105-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Mason DR, Beck PL, Muruve DA. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of non-microbial inflammation and diseases. J Innate Immun. 2012;4(1):16-30. DOI:10.1159/000334247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Park H-J, Shim HS, Lee S, et al. Anti-stress effects of human placenta extract: possible involvement of the oxidative stress system in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):149. DOI:10.1186/s12906-018-2193-x</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
