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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625326</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202507</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inflammatory bowel diseases: Transformation of representations. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Воспалительные заболевания кишечника: трансформация представлений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-564X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>Игорь Вениаминович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p></bio><email>igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-2021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>Igor G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>Игорь Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии</p></bio><email>igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-8176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skalinskaya</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скалинская</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доц. каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии</p></bio><email>igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-6870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skazyvaeva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сказываева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии</p></bio><email>igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>95</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1064</fpage><lpage>1074</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/625326">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/625326</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently significant and continues to grow due to the increasing prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the increasing costs of diagnosis and treatment, and the high level of disability in patients with this disease. Categories, which leads to the search for risk factors and predictors of aggressive course and extraintestinal manifestations. According to the latest data, the prevalence of UC in Russia is 16.6 per 100 000 population, the annual registered increase is 11.3%; the prevalence of CD is 5.6 per 100 000 population, and the increase is 13.7%. In the Russian population of patients with IBD, the average age of disease onset is 35.3 years for UC and 31.2 years for CD. Moreover, in 89.3% of patients with UC, it took at least 2 years to verify the diagnosis, and in CD, within 2 years from the onset of clinical symptoms, the diagnosis was established in only 72.6% of patients. One of the dominant characteristics of IBD is its multisystem nature, which leads to the development of extraintestinal manifestations (ECM), which can be observed in 50–60% of patients, while up to 25% of patients with IBD have several EMC and the most common variants are joint lesions. A higher frequency of extraintestinal manifestations is observed in CD (up to 45% of patients), in female patients, in smokers and with a longer duration of the disease. To predict clinical remission, the level of fecal calprotectin and CRP, the need for glucocorticosteroids are important, to predict endoscopic remission – the level of fecal calprotectin, and to predict histological remission, an endoscopic Schroeder index value of ≤1 is important. The absolute risk of developing colorectal cancer in IBD remains relatively low, ranging from 1.1 to 5.4% after 20 years of disease. The main risk factors for IBD are total intestinal damage, high inflammatory activity, the stricturing phenotype of CD and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Глобальное бремя воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК) значительно и продолжает расти в связи повышением распространенности язвенного колита (ЯК) и болезни Крона (БК), с увеличением затрат на диагностику и лечение, а также из-за высокого уровня инвалидизации, что обусловливает поиск факторов риска и предикторов агрессивного течения, развития внекишечных проявлений (ВКП). По последним данным, распространенность ЯК в России составляет 16,6 на 100 тыс. населения, ежегодный регистрируемый прирост – 11,3%, распространенность БК – 5,6 на 100 тыс. населения, а прирост – 13,7%. В российской популяции пациентов с ВЗК средний возраст дебюта заболевания составляет 35,3 года для ЯК и 31,2 года – для БК. При этом у 89,3% пациентов с ЯК для верификации диагноза потребовался период не менее 2 лет, а при БК в течение 2 лет от момента начала клинических симптомов диагноз установлен только у 72,6% пациентов. Одна из доминирующих характеристик ВЗК – их мультисистемность, что приводит к развитию ВКП, которые могут отмечаться у 50–60% больных, причем до 25% пациентов с ВЗК имеют несколько ВКП, и наиболее частыми вариантами являются поражения суставов. Бόльшая частота ВКП отмечается при БК (до 45% пациентов), у пациентов женского пола, курильщиков и при большей продолжительности заболевания. Для прогноза клинической ремиссии имеют значение уровень фекального кальпротектина и C-реактивного белка, потребность в глюкокортикостероидах, для прогноза эндоскопической ремиссии – уровень фекального кальпротектина, а для прогноза гистологической ремиссии имеет значение эндоскопический индекса Шредера ≤1 баллу. Абсолютный риск развития колоректального рака при ВЗК остается относительно низким, составляя от 1,1 до 5,4% через 20 лет заболевания. Основными факторами риска при ВЗК считаются тотальное поражение кишки, высокая активность воспаления, стриктурирующий фенотип БК и наличие первичного склерозирующего холангита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>Crohn's disease</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>extraintestinal manifestations</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>внекишечные проявления</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Белоусова Е.А., Шелыгин Ю.А., Ачкасов С.И., и др. 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