<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">61910</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2021.01.200599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in diagnostics, risk and severity evaluation of magistral vessels lesion in patients with cardio-vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс в диагностике, определении степени тяжести и риска поражения магистральных сосудов у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-0134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verner</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вернер</surname><given-names>Владимир Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. медико-социальной экспертизы, неотложной и поликлинической терапии</p></bio><email>melnik.m.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-4628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel’nik</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Мария Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. каф. медико-социальной экспертизы, неотложной и поликлинической терапии Института профессионального образования</p></bio><email>melnik.m.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knjazeva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доц. каф. медико-социальной экспертизы, неотложной и поликлинической терапии Института профессионального образования</p></bio><email>melnik.m.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-01-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/61910">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/61910</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assesment of arterial stiffness – the substantional prognostic factor for evaluating complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes, may be performed using different parameters, including cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The main purpose of this review is to analyze data from studies where CAVI is used to test the arterial wall stiffness in magistral vessels. CAVI measurement is non-invasive and performed by portable devices which makes it comfortable for ambulatory use in patients who come for a check-up and also in those who already are hospitalized. It does not require any special knowledge from investigator and the test lasts a couple of minutes long. CAVI does not depend on blood pressure changes and is more specific in structural changes of arterial wall assessment than brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). CAVI shows considerable correlation with markers of CVD like atherosclerotic plaques in vessels, diastolic disfunction of left ventricle and angina pectoris. CAVI may be used for early monitoring and assessing the lesions of target organs in patients with atherosclerosis, chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Establishing CAVI as a standart parameter in assessing patients who are at risk of CVD can help to improve complications prevention, reduce mortality and prolong their lifespan.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование жесткости сосудистой стенки, являющейся важным прогностическим фактором развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у пациентов с атеросклерозом, гипертонической болезнью и сахарным диабетом, проводится по различным параметрам, среди которых особый интерес вызывает сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс – СЛСИ (cardio-ankle vascular index, СAVI). Цель данного обзора – анализ данных зарубежных и российских исследований, касающихся использования СЛСИ при оценке жесткости магистральных артерий. СЛСИ измеряется неинвазивным методом при помощи портативных устройств, которые можно использовать как в амбулаторных отделениях у пациентов, проходящих профилактические осмотры, так и в условиях стационара у пациентов, находящихся на лечении. Для измерения СЛСИ от персонала не требуется специальных навыков, процедура занимает несколько минут. Значения СЛСИ не зависят от колебаний артериального давления, он более точно отражает степень структурных поражений сосудов по сравнению с плече-лодыжечной скоростью распространения пульсовой волны. Его показания коррелируют со многими маркерами сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, в том числе с наличием (и степенью) атеросклеротических поражений сосудов, диастолической дисфункцией левого желудочка, наличием стенокардии. СЛСИ может использоваться в клинике для ранней диагностики поражений органов-мишеней и сосудов у пациентов с атеросклерозом, артериальной гипертонией (АГ) и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Внедрение СЛСИ в стандартный протокол обследования пациентов группы риска позволит осуществить профилактику сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, снизить смертность и увеличить ожидаемую продолжительность жизни таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardio-ankle vascular index</kwd><kwd>blood vessels</kwd><kwd>vascular wall</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>pulse wave</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>blood pressure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс</kwd><kwd>сосудистая стенка</kwd><kwd>жесткость сосудов</kwd><kwd>пульсовая волна, атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kingwell BA, Waddell TK, Medley TL, et al. Large Artery Stiffness Predicts Ischemic Threshold in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. JACC. 2002;40(4):773-9. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02009-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Mitchell GF. Effects of central arterial aging on the structure and function of the peripheral vasculature: implications for end-organ damage. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105:1652-60. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90549.2008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor M.G. Wave travel in arteries and the design of the cardiovascular system. In: Pulsatile Blood Flow. Ed. EO Attinger. NewYork: McGrawHill, 1964; p. 343-7. doi: 10.1016/j.artres.2009.02.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Laurent S, Boutouyrie P. Recent advances in arterial stiffness and wave reflection in human hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49:1202-6. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.106.076166</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Aoun S, Blacher J, Safar ME, et al. Diabetes mellitus and renal failure: effects on large artery stiffness. J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15(10):693-700. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001253</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Collaboration of authors. Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: ‘establishing normal and reference values’. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(19):2338-50. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq165</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Yun J, Kim JY, Kim OY, et al. Associations of plasma homocysteine level with brachialankle pulse wave velocity, LDL atherogenicity, andinflammation profile in healthy men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21(2):136-43. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, et al. Relationships between high-sensitive C-reactive protein and markers of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. Differences by sex. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:37. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-37</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Mattace-Raso FU, van der Cammen TJ, Hofman A, et al. Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2006;113:657-63. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 105.555235</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Gomez-Sanchez L, Garcia-Ortiz L, Patino-Alonso MC, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0465-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Cecelja M, Chowienczyk P. Dissociation of aortic pulse wave velocity with risk factors for cardiovascular disease other than hypertension: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2009;54(6):1328-36. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137653</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Van Popele NM, Grobbee DE, Bots ML, et al. Association between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis: the Rotterdam Study. Stroke. 2001;32:454-60. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.32.2.454</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>O’Rourke MF, Hashimoto J. Mechanical factors in arterial aging: a clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.050</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Corman B, Duriez M, Poitevin P, et al. Aminoguanidine prevents age-related arterial stiffening and cardiac hypertrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998;95(3):1301-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1301</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Brands PJ, Willigers JM, Ledoux LAF, et al. A noninvasive method to estimate pulse wave velocity in arteries locally by means of ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1998;24(9):1325-35. doi: 10.1016/s0301-5629(98)00126-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Yambe T, Yoshizawa M, Saijo Y, et al. Brachio-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Biomed Pharmacother. 2004;58:S95-8. doi: 10.1016/s0753-3322(04)80015-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Niki K, Sugawara M, Chang D, et al. Noninvasive measurement of common carotid artery effect with echo phase tracking system. Journal of Japanese College of Angiology. 1982;22:241-8. doi: 10.1007/s003800200037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Shirai K, Utino J, Otsuka K, Takata M. A Novel Blood Pressure-independent Arterial Wall Stiffness Parameter; Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). J Atheroscler Thromb. 2006;13(2):101-7. doi: 10.5551/jat.13.101</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kim B, Takada K. Influence of blood pressure on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) examined based on percentage change during general anesthesia. Hypertens Res. 2011;34(6):779-83. doi: 10.1038/hr.2011.31</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Shirai K. Analysis of vascular function using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Hypertens Res. 2011;34(6):684-85. doi: 10.1038/hr.2011.40</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Shirai K, Song M, et al. Contradictory effects of β1- and α1-aderenergic receptor blockers on cardio-ankle vascular stiffness index (CAVI) – CAVI independent of blood pressure. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(1). doi: 10.5551/jat.3582</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Takaki A, et al. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index Is Superior to Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as an Index of Arterial Stiffness. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(7):1347-55. doi: 10.1291/hypres.31.1347</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Horinaka S, Yabe A, et al. Comparison of Atherosclerotic Indicators Between Cardio Ankle Vascular Index and Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity. Angiology. 2008;60(4):468-76. doi: 10.1177/0003319708325443</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Izuhara M, Shioji K, et al. Relationship of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) to Carotid and Coronary Arteriosclerosis. Circ J. 2008;72(11):1762-7. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-0152</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Nagayama D, Imamura H, Sato Y, et al. Inverse relationship of cardioankle vascular index with BMI in healthy Japanese subjects: a cross-sectional study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2016;13:1-9. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S119646</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Fukuda-Denshi Company L, Tokyo, Japan. Available at: http://www.fukuda.co.jp. Accessed: 16.04.2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Namekata T, Suzuki K, Ishizuka N, Shirai K. Establishing baseline criteria of cardio-ankle vascular index as a new indicator of arteriosclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11(1):51. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-51</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Сумин А.Н., Щеглова А.В., и др. Взаимосвязь пограничных значений сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса с клинико-инструментальными показателями у больных ИБС. Сиб. научный мед. журн. 2014 [Sumin AN, Shcheglova AV, et al. Correlation of borderline values of cardio-vascular ankle indexes with clinical and instrumental parameters in patients with coronary heart disease. The Siberian Scientific Medical Journal. 2014 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2017-32-1-67-70</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Sun C-K. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as an indicator of arterial stiffness. Integr Blood Press Control. 2013;27. doi: 10.2147/ibpc.s34423</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Laucevičius A, Ryliškytė L, Balsytė J, et al. Association of cardio-ankle vascular index with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events in metabolic syndrome patients. Medicina. 2015;51(3):152-8. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.05.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Miyoshi T, Doi M, Hirohata S, et al. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index is Independently Associated with the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;17(3):249-58. doi: 10.5551/jat.1636</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Nakamura K, Tomaru T, Yamamura S, et al. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index is a Candidate Predictor of Coronary Atherosclerosis. Circ J. 2008;72(4):598-604. doi: 10.1253/circj.72.598</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Mineoka Y, Fukui M, Tanaka M, et al. Relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart Vessels. 2011;27(2):160-5. doi: 10.1007/s00380-011-0138-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Сумин А.Н., Щеглова А.В., Федорова Н.В., Артамонова Г.В. Значения сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса у здоровых лиц разного возраста по данным исследования ЭССЕ-РФ в Кемеровской области. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2015;14(5):67-72 [Sumin AN, Shcheglova AV, Fedorova NV, Artamonova GV. Values of cardial-ankle vascular index in healthy people of different age by the data of ESSE-RF study in Kemerovskaya region. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2015;14(5):67-72 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2015-5-67-72</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Hu H, Cui H, Han W, et al. A cut-off point for arterial stiffness using the cardio-ankle vascular index based on carotid arteriosclerosis. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(4):334-41. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.192</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Saji N, Kimura K, Shimizu H et al. Silent brain infarct is independently associated with arterial stiffness indicated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Hypertens Res. 2012;35(7):756-60. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Takatori K, Matsumoto D, et al. Effect of Intensive Rehabilitation on Physical Function and Arterial Function in Community-Dwelling Chronic Stroke Survivors. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2012;19(5):377-83. doi: 10.1310/tsr1905-377</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Сумин А.Н., Отт М.В., Колмыкова Ю.А., и др. Факторы, ассоциированные с патологическим сердечно-лодыжечным сосудистым индексом у больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2018;7(1):67-75 [Sumin AN, Ott MV, et al. Factors associated with pathological cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2018;7(1):67-75 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2018-7-1-67-75</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Park HE, Choi S-Y, et al. Cardio-ankle vascular index reflects coronary atherosclerosis in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism: Assessment with 256 slice multi-detector computed tomography. J Cardiol. 2012;60(5):372-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.07.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kadota K, Takamura N. Availability of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) as a Screening Tool for Atherosclerosis. Circ J. 2008;72(2):304-8. doi: 10.1253/circj.72.304</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Shimoyama T, Iguchi Y, Kimura K. et al. Stroke patients with cerebral microbleeds on MRI scans have arteriolosclerosis as well as systemic atherosclerosis. Hypertens Res;35(10):975-9. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.84</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Васюк Ю.А., Иванова С.В., Школьник Е.Л., и др. Согласованное мнение российских экспертов по оценке артериальной жесткости в клинической практике. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2016 [Vasyuk YA, Ivanova SV, et al. Consensus of Russian experts on the evaluation of arterial stiffness in clinical practice. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2016;15(2):4-19 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2016-2-4-19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Kubozono T, Miyata M, Ueyama K, et al. Association between Arterial Stiffness and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Japanese General Population. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;16(6):840-5. doi: 10.5551/jat.1230</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Kotani K, Yamada T, Miyamoto M, et al. The correlation between the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and serum amyloid A in asymptomatic Japanese subjects. Heart Vessels. 2012;27(5):499-504. doi: 10.1007/s00380-011-0182-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Higashiyama A, Wakabayashi I, Kubota Y, et al. Does high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol show a stronger relationship with the cardio-ankle vascular index in healthy community dwellers?: the KOBE study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012;19(11):1027-34. doi: 10.5551/jat.13599</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Endes S, Schaffner E, Caviezel S, et al. Long-term physical activity is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in older adults: longitudinal results of the SAPALDIA cohort study. Age and Ageing. 2016;45(1):110-5. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afv172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Ando A, Miyamoto M, Kotani K, et al. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Indices of Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2017:1-8. doi: 10.1155/2017/2810914</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang C, Zhong Y, Tian H. Increased cardio-ankle vascular index is independently associated with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2019;33(9):623-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.05.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Sato Y, Nagayama D, Ban N, et al. Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(suppl. 1):P1586. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1586</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Ibata J, Sasaki H, Hanabusa T, et al. Increased arterial stiffness is closely associated with hyperglycemia and improved by glycemic control in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Investig. 2012;4(1):82-7. doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00229.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Gómez-Marcos M, Recio-Rodríguez J, Patino-Alonso M, et al. Cardio-ankle vascular index is associated with cardiovascular target organ damage and vascular structure and function in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome, LOD-DIABETES study: a case series report. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015;14(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12933-014-0167-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Matsuda Y, Kawate H, Matsuzaki C, et al. Reduced arterial stiffness in patients with acromegaly: non-invasive assessment by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Endocr J. 2013;60(1):29-36. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0189</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Masugata H, Senda S, Himoto T, et al. Detection of Increased Arterial Stiffness in a Patient with Early Stage of Large Vessel Vasculitis by Measuring Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2009;219(2):101-5. doi: 10.1620/tjem.219.101</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Сумин А.Н., Безденежных Н.А., и др. Значения сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого и лодыжечно-плечевого индексов у пациентов с нарушениями углеводного обмена (исследование ЭССЕ-РФ в Кемеровской области). Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(12):11-20 [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, et al. The values of cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with impaired glucose metabolism according to research ECVE-RF in the Kemerovo region. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;88(12):11-20 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2016881211-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Гайсенок О.В., Медведев П.А., и др. Применение индекса CAVI в клинической практике: расчетный сосудистый возраст как инструмент для принятия решения о дополнительном обследовании пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Кардиология. 2015;55(7):51-6 [Gaisenok OV, Medvedev PA, et al. Application of CAVI Index in Clinical Practice: Calculated Vascular Age as a Tool for Decision on Additional Examination of Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. Kardiologiia. 2015;55(7):51-6 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.18565/cardio.2015.7.51-56</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Wang H, Shirai K, Liu J, et al. Comparative study of cardio-ankle vascular index between Chinese and Japanese healthy subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2014;36(8):596-601. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2014.897715</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Endes S, Schindler C, Schaffner E, et al. Reproducibility of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) in Caucasians (SAPALDIA 3). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(suppl. 1):1588. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1588</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Uurtuya S, Taniguchi N, Kotani K, et al. Comparative study of the cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle-brachial index between young Japanese and Mongolian subjects. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(2):140-4. doi: 10.1038/hr.2008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Wu H-T, Lee C-H, Liu A-B, et al. Arterial Stiffness Using Radial Arterial Waveforms Measured at the Wrist as an Indicator of Diabetic Control in the Elderly. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2011;58(2):243-52. doi: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2084087</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Wu H-T, Hsu P-C, Liu A-B, et al. Six-channel ECG-based pulse wave velocity for assessing whole-body arterial stiffness. Blood Pressure. 2012;21(3):167-76. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2012.681853</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Sakuma K, Shimoda A, Shiratori H, et al. Angiotensin II acutely increases arterial stiffness as monitored by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in anesthetized rabbits. J Pharmacol Sci. 2019;140(2):205-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Сумин А.Н., Безденежных Н.А., и др. Взаимосвязь висцерального ожирения и сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса с нарушением углеводного обмена по данным исследования ЭССЭ-РФ в регионе Западной Сибири. Клиническая медицина. 2018;96(2):137-47 [Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh NA, et al. The relationship of visceral obesity and cardio-ankle vascular index with impaired glucose metabolism according to the ESSE_RF study in west siberian region. Clinical Medicine. 2018;96(2):137-47 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-2-137-146</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Sakane K, Miyoshi T, Doi M, et al. Association of new arterial stiffness parameter, the cardio-ankle vascular index, with left ventricular diastolic function. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2008;15(5):261-8. doi: 10.5551/jat.e576</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Золотовская И.А., Давыдкин И.Л., Повереннова И.Е., и др. Влияние антикоагулянтной терапии на параметры артериальной жесткости и эндотелиальной дисфункции у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий, перенесших кардиоэмболический инсульт. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2016;8(4):25-31 [Zolotovskaya IA, Davydkin IL, Poverennova IE, et al. Impact of anticoagulant therapy on the indicators of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation after cardioembolic stroke. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2016;8(4):25-31 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2016-4-25-31</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Борисова Е.В., Кочетков А.И., Остроумова О.Д., и др. Влияние фиксированной комбинации Валсартан/Амлодипин на уровень артериального давления и параметры жесткости сосудов у пациентов с эссенциальной гипертонией 1–2 степени. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2018;14(6):831-9 [Borisova EV, Kochetkov AI, Ostroumova OD, et al. The Impact of Valsartan/Amlodipine Single-Pill Combination on Blood Pressure and Vascular Stiffness in Patients with Grade 1-2 Essential Arterial Hypertension. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018;14(6):831-9 (in Russ.)]. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-831-839</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Ambrosino P, Tasso M, Lupoli R, et al. Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature studies. Ann Med. 2015;47(6):457-67. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1068950</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Soska V, Dobsak P, Dusek L, et al. Cardio-ankle vascular index in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012;19(5):453-61. doi: 10.5551/jat.9639</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
