<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">33718</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000352</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Контроль гликемии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом на программном гемодиализе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanova</surname><given-names>K G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанова</surname><given-names>Кристина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор; ORCID: 0000-0002-3656-0312</p></bio><email>miss.sapog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Severina</surname><given-names>A S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с., врач-эндокринолог отд-ния диабетической болезни почек и посттрансплантационной реабилитации Института диабета «НМИЦ эндокринологии»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martinov</surname><given-names>S A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Сергей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., в.н.с., врач-нефролог, зав. кабинетом экстракорпоральных методов лечения почечной патологии «НМИЦ эндокринологии»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>M Sh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>Минара Шамхаловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. отд-нием диабетической болезни почек и посттрансплантационной реабилитации Института диабета «НМИЦ эндокринологии»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., академик РАН, директор ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии», директор Института диабета ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 91, NO10 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 91, №10 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/33718">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/33718</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Achievement of stabilization of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus, receiving renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis, is a significant problem in endocrinology. It has to do with multiple factors of this cohort of patients, which affect the level of glycemia, pharmacokinetic of drugs, the efficiency of glycemic control. At the moment, the most efficiency method of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis is insulin therapy in the basis - bolus regime by analogues of human insulin. The use of oral hypoglycemic agents is significantly limited. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) remains the main parameter of glycemic control. The simultaneous use of continuous glucose monitoring allows to reveal the true level of glucose of the blood and to carry out the timely correction of therapy in order to achieve targets for glycemic control and to decrease the risk of hypoglycemic episodes. At the moment other glycemic control markers such as glycated albumin and fructosamine are described. However, in routine practice at the moment these indicators are not used due to the lack of sufficient evidentiary base of their use in this cohort of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Достижение стабилизации показателей углеводного обмена у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД), получающих заместительную почечную терапию (ЗПТ) с помощью программного гемодиализа (ГД), является существенной проблемой в эндокринологии. Это связано с наличием у данной когорты пациентов множества факторов, влияющих на уровень гликемии, фармакокинетику лекарственных средств, эффективность контроля гликемии. На данный момент наиболее эффективным методом контроля гликемии у пациентов с СД 2-го типа (СД2) на ГД является инсулинотерапия в базис - болюсном режиме аналогами человеческих инсулинов. Применение пероральных сахароснижающих препаратов существенно ограничено. Гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1c) остается основным параметром контроля гликемии. Одновременное использование суточного мониторирования гликемии позволяет оценить истинное состояние углеводного обмена и проводить своевременную коррекцию терапии с целью достижения целевых показателей гликемии и минимизации риска развития гипогликемических эпизодов. В настоящее время описаны другие маркеры контроля гликемии, такие как гликированный альбумин и фруктозамин. Однако в рутинной практике на данный момент эти показатели не используются из - за отсутствия достаточной доказательной базы возможности их применения у данной когорты пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>terminal renal failure</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>hypoglycemia</kwd><kwd>glycated hemoglobin</kwd><kwd>glycated albumin</kwd><kwd>fructosamine</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>insulin therapy</kwd><kwd>continuous glucose monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>терминальная почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>гипогликемия</kwd><kwd>гликированный гемоглобин</kwd><kwd>гликированный альбумин</kwd><kwd>фруктозамин</kwd><kwd>инсулинотерапия</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>суточное мониторирование гликемии</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Шамхалова М.Ш., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В. и др. Эпидемиология хронической болезни почек в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра взрослых пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013-2016 гг.). Сахарный диабет. 2018;21(3):160-9. doi: 10.14341/DM9392</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Томилина Н.А., Андрусев А.М., Перегудова Н.Г. и др. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 2010-2015 гг. Отчет по данным Общероссийского Регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Часть первая. М., 2017. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4Suppl-1-95</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Дедов И.И., ред. Диализная терапия у больных с сахарным диабетом. М.: Министерство здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Abe M, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Haemodialysis - induced hypoglycaemia and glycaemic disarrays. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2015;11(5):302-13. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.38</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Wakino S, Minakuchi H, Miya K, et al. Aldosterone and Insulin Resistance: Vicious Combination in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2018;22(2):142-51. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12632</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sudha M.J, Salam H.S, Viveka S, et al. Assessment of changes in insulin requirement in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus on maintenance hemodialysis. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2017;8(1):64-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.198348</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sobngwi E, Enoru S, Ashuntantang G, et al. Day - to - day variation of insulin requirements of patients with type 2 diabetes and end - stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1409-12. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2176</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Nakao T, Inaba M, Abe M, et al. Best practice for diabetic patients on hemodialysis 2012. Ther Apher Dial. 2015;19 Suppl 1:40-66. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12299</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Guthoff M, Wagner R, Vosseler D, et al. Impact of end - stage renal disease on glucose metabolism - a matched cohort analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(4):670-6. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Rhee C.M, Leung A.M, Kovesdy C.P, et al. Updates on the management of diabetes in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2014;27(2):135-45. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12198</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Tzamaloukas A.H. Interpreting glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis. Adv Peritoneal Dial. 1996;12:171-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Sinha N, Mishra T.K, Singh T, Gupta N. Effect of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1 levels. Ann Lab Med. 2012;32:17-22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Sharif A, Baboola K. Diagnostic application of the A1 assay in renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:383-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Park J, Lertdumrongluk P, Molnar M.Z, et al. Glycemic control in diabetic dialysis patients and the burnt - out diabetes phenomenon. Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(4):432-9. doi: 10.1007/s11892-012-0286-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ricks J, Molnar M.Z, Kovesdy C.P, et al. Glycemic control and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients with diabetes: a 6-year cohort study. Diabetes. 2012;61(3):708-15. doi: 10.2337/db11-1015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Abe M, Hamano T, Hoshino J, et al. Is there a "burnt - out diabetes" phenomenon in patients on hemodialysis? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;130:211-20. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.06.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Hoshino J, Larkina M, Karaboyas A, et al. Unique hemoglobin A1c level distribution and its relationship with mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2017;92(2):497-503. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Ramirez S.P, Mc Cullough K.P, Thumma J.R, et al. Hemoglobin A(1c) levels and mortality in the diabetic hemodialysis population: findings from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(12):2527-32. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0573</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Yoo D.E, Park J.T, Oh H.J, et al. Good glycemic control is associated with better survival in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis: a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30072. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030072</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Kim Y, Park J.C, Molnar M.Z, et al. Correlates of low hemoglobin A1c in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2013;45(4):1079-90. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0208-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Bedi R, Dr Chowdhury T.A, El-Sherbini N, et al. JBDS-IP Management of adults with diabetes on the haemodialysis unit. 2016 Apr. Brit J Diabetes. 2016 Apr.;16(2):69-77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>American Diabetes Association. Standarts of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2018. Diabetes Care. 2018:41(S.1). doi: 10.2337/dc18-Sint01</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., ред. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. M.: Министерство здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации, 2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Новицкий В.В., Гольдберг Е.Д. и др., ред. Патофизиология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2009. Т. 1. 848 с. Глава 12.6.5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Андрушкевич В.В. Биохимические показатели крови, их рефересные значения, причины изменения уровня в сыворотке крови. Новосибирск, 2006. 29 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Shafi T, Sozio S.M, Plantinga L.C, et al. Serum fructosamine and glycated albumin and risk of mortality and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1522-33. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1896</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Okada T, Nakao T, Matsumoto H, et al. Association between markers of glycemic control, cardiovascular complications and survival in type 2 diabetic patients with end - stage renal disease. Intern Med. 2007;46:807-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Fukuoka K, Nakao K, Morimoto H, et al. Glycated albumin levels predict long - term survival in diabetic patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2008;13:278-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00864.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Klonoffa D.C, Ahnb D, Drincicc A. Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the technology and clinical use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:178-92. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.08.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Gai M, Merlo I, Dellepiane S, et al. Glycemic pattern in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) analysis. Blood Purif. 2014;38(1):68-73. doi: 10.1159/000362863</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Képénékian L, Smagala A, Meyer L, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in hemodialyzed patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter pilot study. Clin Nephrol. 2014;82(4):240-6. doi: 10.5414/CN108280</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Joubert M, Fourmy C, Henri P, et al. Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in dialysis patients with diabetes: the DIALYDIAB pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015;107(3):348-54. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.01.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Ólafsdóttir A.F, Polonsky W, Bolinder J, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Nocturnal Hypoglycemia, Daytime Hypoglycemia, Glycemic Variability, and Hypoglycemia Confidence in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (GOLD-3). Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018;20(4):274-84. doi: 10.1089/dia.2017.0363</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Mirani M, Berra C, Finazzi S, et al. Inter - day glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in insulin - treated type 2 diabetes patients on hemodialysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010;12(10):749-53. doi: 10.1089/dia.2010.0052</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Heinemann L, Freckmann G, Ehrmann D, et al. Real - time continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness or severe hypoglycaemia treated with multiple daily insulin injections (HypoDE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10128):1367-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30297-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Marbury T.C, Ruckle J.L, Hatorp V, et al. Pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in subjects with renal impairment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;67(1):7-15. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.103973</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Hasslacher C; Multinational Repaglinide Renal Study Group. Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):886-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Terawaki Y, Nomiyama T, Akehi Y, et al. The efficacy of incretin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Osonoi T, Saito M, Tamasawa A, et al. Effect of hemodialysis on plasma glucose profile and plasma level of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and end - stage renal disease: a pilot study. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113468. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113468</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Idorn T, Knop F.K, Jørgensen M.B, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease: An Investigator-Initiated, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(2):206-13. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Park S.H, Nam J.Y, Han E, et al. Efficacy of different dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing dialysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(32):e4543. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004543</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Nakamura Y, Hasegawa H, Tsuji M, et al. Diabetes therapies in hemodialysis patients: Dipeptidase-4 inhibitors. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(6):840-9. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.840</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Padmanabhan A, Velayudham B, Vijaykumar N, et al. Evaluation of glycemic status during the days of hemodialysis using dialysis solutions with and without glucose. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018;29(5):1021-7. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.243951</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Burmeister J.E, Miltersteiner Dda R, Burmeister B.O, et al. Risk of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis in diabetic patients is related to lower pre - dialysis glycemia. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(2):137-40. doi: 10.1590/2359-3997000000026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Burmeister J.E, Scapini A, da Rosa Miltersteiner D, et al. Glucose - added dialysis fluid prevents asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in regular haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(4):1184-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfl710</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Raimann J.G, Kruse A, Thijssen S, et al. Metabolic effects of dialyzate glucose in chronic hemodialysis: results from a prospective, randomized crossover trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(4):1559-68. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr520</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
