Terapevticheskii arkhivTerapevticheskii arkhiv0040-36602309-5342LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya3366410.26442/00403660.2019.04.000186Review ArticleThe role of perivascular adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of diagnosis for assessing the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseasesUchasovaE G-GruzdevaO V-DylevaYu A-BelikE V-Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseaseKemerovo State Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation1504201991413013516042020Copyright © 2019, Consilium Medicum2019Obesity is closely associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Adipose tissue (AT) is identified as a complex endocrine organ, with a wide range of regulatory functions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Various terms, including paracardiac, epicardial and pericardial, are used to describe the fatty deposits surrounding the heart. Among all the fat depots, perivascular AT (PVAT) is of great biological significance for the cardiovascular system due to its anatomical proximity to the vessels. Recent studies have shown the presence of a complex, bidirectional paracrine and vasocardial signaling system between the vascular wall and PVAT. In the review, we will discuss the biological role of PVAT in both the physiological state and cardiovascular pathology, emphasizing its dual proatherogenic and antiatherogenic role. Let us consider PVAT as a target for various therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. 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