<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32705</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17116/terarkh201890169-75</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Place of vitamin D in the prevention of premature aging and the development of age-associated diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Место витамина D в профилактике преждевременного старения и развитии заболеваний, ассоциированных с возрастом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>Оксана Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., проф., зам. директора по научной и лечебной работе ФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России; проф. каф. факультетской терапии №1 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shepel</surname><given-names>R N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шепель</surname><given-names>Руслан Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. отдела функциональных и прикладных аспектов ожирения ФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>r.n.shepel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>V V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>Виктор Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., проф., зав. каф. факультетской терапии №1 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistunov</surname><given-names>A A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистунов</surname><given-names>Андрей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., проф., первый проректор ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Institution "National Research Center for Preventive Medicine" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>90</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 90, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 90, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32705">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32705</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is an ongoing search for the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of aging and age-associated diseases. At the same time there is growing evidence geroprotective properties of vitamin D.In this review, described in detail the possible mechanisms by which vitamin D affects differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and describes the potential benefits of this vitamin in the fight against aging and age-related diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время продолжается поиск молекулярных и биохимических механизмов, лежащих в основе развития старения и заболеваний, ассоциированных с возрастом. В то же время появляется все больше данных о геропротективных свойствах витамина D.В обзоре детально описаны возможные механизмы, посредством которых витамин D оказывает влияние на дифференцировку, пролиферацию клеток и их апоптоз, а также описана потенциальная польза этого витамина в борьбе со старением и возрастными заболеваниями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>telomeres</kwd><kwd>telomerase</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>теломеры</kwd><kwd>теломераза</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Holick M, Mac Laughlin J, Clark M, Holick S. Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science. 2010;210:203-205. doi: 10.1126/science.6251551</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>The norms physiological needs for energy and nutrients for different groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. MR 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (18.12.2008) 41 р. Russian (Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации. МР 2.3.1.2432 - 08 (от 18 декабря 2008 г.) 41 с.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>National Institute of Health. Dietary supplement fact sheet: vitamin D. Доступно по: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Holick M.F. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81: 353-373. doi: 10.4065/81.3.353</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Федеральные клинические рекомендации "Дефицит витамина D у взрослых: диагностика, лечение и профилактика". 2015 г. 15 октября 2015 г. Доступно по: http://www.endocrincentr.ru/science/public/ consenss/932/ Ссылка активна на 15.04.2016 г.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Webb A.R, Kline L, Holick M.F. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988; 67: 373-378. doi: 10.1210/jcem-67-2- 373</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Pappa H.M, Bern E, Kamin D, Grand R.J. Vitamin D status in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008;24:176-183. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f4d2f3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lai L, Lucas R, Clements M, Roddam A, Banks E. Hip fracture risk in relation to vitamin D supplementation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta - analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. J Clin Invest. 1990; 85: 1296-1303. PMID: 20540727</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>van der Mei I.A, Ponsonby A.L, Dwyer T. Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case - control study. BMJ. 2003;327:316. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7410.316</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ginde A, Mansbach K, Camargo C.J. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory trct infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169: 384-390. doi: 10/1001/archinternmed.208.560</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Nnoaham K, Clarke A. Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta - analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2008; 37: 113-119. doi: 10.1093/ije/dym247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Pittas A, Lau J, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 2017-2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0298</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kim D.H, Sabour S, Sagar U.N, Adams S, Whellan D.J. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004). Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102: 1540-1544. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.067</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd M.J, et al. Meta - analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128: 1414-1424 . doi: 10.1002/ijc.25439</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Cherniack E, Troen B, Florenz H, Roos B, Levis S. Some new food for thought: the role of vitamin D in the mental health of older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009; 11: 12-19. PMID: 19187703</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Salahuddin N, Ali F, Hasan Z, Rao N, Ageel M, Mahmood F. Vitamin D accelerates clinical recovery from tubercolosis: results of the SUCCINCT. A randomized placebo - controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary tubercolosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-22</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Jorde R, Sneve M, Figenschau Y, Svartberg J, Waterloo K. Effects of vitamin D supplementation of symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial. J Intern Med. 2008; 264: 599-609. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02008.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Grath J, Saari K, Hakko H. Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth - cohort study. Schizophr Res. 2004; 67: 237-245. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Myhr K. Vitamin D treatment in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2009; 286: 104-108. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.05.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gloth F.M, III, Gundberg C.M, Hollis B.W, Haddad J.G. Jr., Tobin J.D. Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons. JAMA. 1995; 274: 1683-1686. doi: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530210037027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Deeb K.K, Trump D.L, Johnson C.S. Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007; 7: 684-700. doi: :10.1038/nrc2196</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou Y.R, Martikainen P, Miettinen S, Pennanen P, et al. Antiproliferative action of vitamin D. Vitam Horm. 2002; 64: 357-406. PMID:11898396</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Nakagawa K., Yamamura K., Maeda S, et al. Bcl-2 expression in epidermal keratinocytic diseases. Cancer. 1994; 74: 1720-1724. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940915)74:6&lt;1720:AID- CNCR2820740613 &gt;3.0.CO;2-T</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Lanske B, Razzaque M.S. Mineral metabolism and aging: the fibroblast growth factor 23 enigma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2007; 16: 311-318. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3281c55eca</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Sitara D, Razzaque M.S, Hesse M, et al. Homozygous ablation of fibroblast growth factor-23 results in hyperphosphatemia and impaired skeletogenesis, and reverses hypophosphatemia in Phex - deficient mice. Matrix Biology. 2004; 23 (7): 421-432. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.09.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Shimada T, Kakitani M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004; 113 (4): 561-568. doi: 10.1172/JCI19081</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Kuroo M, Matsumura Y, Aizawa H, et al. Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing. Nature. 1997; 390: 45-51. doi: 10.1038/36285</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kuroo M. Klotho as a regulator of oxidative stress and senescence. Biol Chem. 2008; 389: 233-241. doi: 10.1515/BC.2008.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Lie D.C, Colamarino S.A, Song H.J, Désiré L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein E.S, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie A.R, Gage F.H (October 2005). «Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis». Nature. 437 (7063): 1370-1375. doi: 10.1038/nature04108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and age - related diseases: reality and prospects. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(3): 309-316. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты и возраст - ассоциированные болезни: реалии и перспективы. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11(3): 309-316.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-3-309-316</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. Telomere length and cardiovascular diseases: focus on chronic psychological stress. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 2: 48-53. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Длина теломер и сердечно - сосудистые заболевания: акцент на хронический психологический стресс. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2015; 2: 48-53.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M., Shepel R.N. Sleep duration: modern view of the problem from the standpoint of a cardiologist. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2015; 11(4): 413-419. (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Продолжительность сна: современный взгляд на проблему с позиций кардиолога. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11(4): 413-419.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-4-413-419</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. The modern conception of the proper role of telomeres and telomerase in pathogenesis of hypertension. Arterial'naya gipertenziya. 2013; 19(4): 290-298. (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Современные представления о роли теломер и теломеразы в патогенезе гипертонической болезни. Артериальная гипертензия. 2013; 19(4): 290-298.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. Telomeres and chronic heart failure. Kardiologiya. 2014; 54(4): 60-67 Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Теломеры и хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Кардиология. 2014; 54(4): 60-67.) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/cardio.2015.10.85-89</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Cappuccio F.P, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller M.A Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta - analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33: 414-420. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Cappuccio F.P, Taggart F.M, Kandala N.B, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller M.A. Meta - analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children, adolescents and adults. Sleep. 2008; 31: 619-626. PMCID: PMC2398753</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, et al. Association of sleep duration with mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for Japanese men and women: the JACC study. Sleep. 2009; 32(3): 259-301. PMCID: PMC2647783</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Lemire J.M. Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem. 1992; 49: 26-31. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240490106</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Oelzner P, Muller A, Deschner F, Huller M, Abendroth K, Hein G, et al. Relationship between disease activity and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and PTH in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998; 62: 193-198. PMID: 9501950</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Deluca H.F, Cantorna M.T. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001; 15: 2579-2585. doi: 10.1096/fj.01-0433rev</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Mathieu C, Adorini L. The coming of age of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs as immunomodulatory agents. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8:174-179. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4914(02)02294-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Richards J.B, Valdes A.M, Gardner J.P, Paximadas D, Kimura M, Nessa A, et al. Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86: 1420-1425. PMCID: PMC2196219</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Liu J.J, Prescott J, Giovannucci E, Hankinson S.E, Rosner B, Han J, et al. Plasma vitamin D biomarkers and leukocyte telomere length. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177: 1411-1417. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws435</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Kamen D.L, Aranow C (2008) The link between vitamin D deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 10: 273-280. PMID: 18662506</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Hoffecker B.M, Raffield L.M, Kamen D.L, Nowling T.K. Systemic lupus erythematosus and vitamin D deficiency are associated with shorter telomere length among African Americans: a case - control study. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e63725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063725</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Valdes A.M, Andrew T, Gardner J.P, Kimura M, Oelsner E, Cherkas L.F, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Gardner J.P, Li S, Srinivasan S.R, Chen W, Kimura M, Lu X, et al. Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere asttrition. Circulation. 2005; 111: 2171-2177. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000163550. 70487.0B</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Kim S, Parks C.G, De Roo L.A, Chen H, Taylor J.A, Cawthon R.M, et al. Obesity and weight gain in adulthood and telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 816-820. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0935</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Lee M, Martin H, Firpo A, Demerath E.W. Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Am J Hum Biol. 2011; 23: 100-106. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21109</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. Telomeres and telomerase complex. The main manifestations of the genetic fault. Kardiovaskulyarnaya Terapiya i Profilaktika. 2015; 1: 70-77. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Теломеры и теломеразный комплекс. Основные проявления генетического сбоя. Кардиоваскулярная Терапия и Профилактика. 2015; 1: 70-77.). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2015-1-70-77</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Perez-Rivero G, Ruiz-Torres M.P, Rivas-Elena J.V, Jerkic M, Diez-Marques M.L, Lopez-Novoa J.M, et al. Mice deficient in telomerase activity develop hypertension because of an excess of endothelin production. Circulation. 2006; 114: 309-317. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.611111</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Imanishi T, Moriwaki C, Hano T, Nishio I. Endothelial progenitor cell senescence is accelerated in both experimental hypertensive rats and patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2005; 23: 1831-1837. PMID: 16148606</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Leri A, Franco S, Zacheo A, Barlucchi L, Chimenti S, Limana F, et al. Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure associated with p53 upregulation. EMBO J. 2003; 22: 131-139. doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdg013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Franco S, Segura I, Riese H.H, Blasco M.A. Decreased B16F10 melanoma growth and impaired vascularization in telomerase - deficient mice with critically short telomeres. Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 552-559.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu H, Guo D, Li K, Pedersen-White J, Stallmann-Jorgensen I.S, Huang Y, et al. Increased telomerase activity and vitamin D supplementation in overweight African Americans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012; 36: 805- 809. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.197</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Bikbov B.T, Tomilina N.A. Status replacement therapy in patients with chronic renal failure in the Russian Federation in 1998-2009 years. Report to the Russian Register of renal replacement. Nefrologiya i dializ. 2014; 16(1): 11-127. Russian (Бикбов Б.Т., Томилина Н.А. Состояние заместительной терапии больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью в Российской Федерации в 1998-2009 гг. Отчет по данным Российского регистра заместительной почечной терапии. Нефрология и диализ. 2014; 16(1): 11-127.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Soriano S, et al. Stress - induced premature senescence in mononuclear cells from patients on long - term hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 45: 353- 359. PMID: 15685514</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Borras M, Panizo S, Sarro F, Valdivielso J.M, Fernandez E. Assessment of the potential role of active vitamin D treatment in telomere length: a case - control study in hemodialysis patients. Clin Ther. 2012;34:849-856. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.02.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Finkel T, Holbrook N.J. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature. 2000; 408: 239-247. doi: 10.1038/35041687</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Valdes A.M, Andrew T, Gardner J.P, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005; 366: 662-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66630-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Nawrot T.S, Staessen J.A, Gardner J.P, Aviv A. Telomere length and possible link to X chromosome. Lancet. 2004; 363: 507-510. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15535-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Drapkina O.M, Shepel R.N. Physical inactivity is a disease of the century: physical inactivity as risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system and premature aging. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2015; 3: 53-58. Russian (Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Гиподинамия - болезнь века: низкая физическая активность как фактор риска заболеваний сердечно - сосудистой системы и преждевременного старения. Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2015; 3: 53-58.)</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
