Terapevticheskii arkhivTerapevticheskii arkhivТерапевтический архив0040-36602309-5342LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya3265010.17116/terarkh201688687-92Editorial articleПередовая статьяReview ArticleMiRNAs in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesityМикроРНК в диагностике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, ассоциированных с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и ожирениемShvangiradzeT AШвангирадзеТ АBondarenkoI ZБондаренкоИ ЗTroshinaE AТрошинаЕ АShestakovaM VШестаковаМ ВЭндокринологический научный центр Минздрава России151020168810VOL 88, NO10 (2016)ТОМ 88, №10 (2016)879211042020Copyright ©; 2016, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2016, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2016Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32650

Worldwide, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continues to increase steadily. Despite long-term studies of obesity and concomitant diseases, the molecular genetic bases for the development of these pathological conditions have remained the subject of numerous investigations so far. Recent investigations point to the involvement of miRNAs as dynamic modifiers of the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions, including obesity, T2DM, and CVD. MicroRNAs are involved in various biological processes underlying the development of CVDs, including endothelial dysfunction, cell adhesion, and atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Some of them are considered as potential sensitive diagnostic markers of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Approximately 1,000 microRNAs are found in the human body. It has been determined that miRNAs regulate 30% of all human genes. Among them there are about 50 circulating miRNAs presumably associated with cardiovascular diseases. This review provides recent data on the participation of some miRNAs in various pathological and physiological states associated with CVD in DM and obesity. An extended and exact understanding of the function of miRNAs in the gene regulatory networks associated with cardiovascular risk in obesity will be able to reveal new mechanisms for the progression of disease, to predict its development, and to elaborate innovative therapeutic strategies.

По всему миру неуклонно продолжает увеличиваться число пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД-2), ожирением и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ). Несмотря на длительные годы изучения ожирения и сопутствующих заболеваний, молекулярно-генетические основы развития данных патологических состояний до сих пор остаются предметом многочисленных исследований. Результаты недавних исследований указывают на причастность микроРНК в качестве динамических модификаторов патогенеза различных патологических состояний, в том числе ожирения, СД-2 и ССЗ. МикроРНК участвуют в различных биологических процессах, лежащих в основе развития ССЗ, включая дисфункцию эндотелия, адгезию клеток, формирование и разрыв атеросклеротической бляшки. Некоторые из них рассматриваются как потенциальные чувствительные диагностические маркеры ишемической болезни сердца, а также острого инфаркта миокарда. В организме человека обнаружено около 1000 микроРНК. Определено, что микроРНК регулируют 30% всех генов человека. Среди них насчитывается около 50 циркулирующих микроРНК, предположительно, ассоциированных с ССЗ. В данном обзоре приведены сведения по участию некоторых микроРНК в различных патологических и физиологических состояниях ассоциированных с ССЗ при СД и ожирении. Расширенное и точное понимание функции микроРНК в генных регуляторных сетях, связанных с риском развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений ожирения, позволит выявить новые механизмы развития заболевания, прогнозировать развитие заболевания и выработать инновационные терапевтические стратегии.

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