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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32365</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17116/terarkh2017898134-140</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hyponatremia: A clinical approach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гипонатриемия: клинический подход</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchekochikhin</surname><given-names>D Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щекочихин</surname><given-names>Д Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>N L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Н Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylov</surname><given-names>F Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылов</surname><given-names>Ф Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrkin</surname><given-names>A L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыркин</surname><given-names>А Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>E M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>Е М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 89, NO8 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 89, №8 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32365">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32365</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte metabolic abnormality in clinical practice. The unfavorable course of many diseases is associated with hyponatremia. Acute severe hyponatremia is life-threatening because cerebral edema may develop. Less obvious chronic hyponatremia increases the risk of balance problems, falls and fractures, especially in elderly patients. In any occasion, hyponatremia should not be now regarded only as a laboratory phenomenon in critically ill patients, but it necessitates a thorough clinical analysis of each individual case and appropriate therapy. The paper presents approaches to diagnosing and treating hyponatremia in various clinical situations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гипонатриемия — самое частое нарушение электролитного обмена в клинической практике. Неблагоприятное течение многих заболеваний ассоциировано с ее возникновением. Остро возникшая глубокая гипонатриемия представляет угрозу для жизни из-за возможности развития отека головного мозга. Менее выраженная хроническая гипонатриемия увеличивает риск нарушения равновесия, падений и переломов, особенно у пациентов пожилого возраста. В любом случае гипонатриемия в настоящее время не должна рассматриваться только как лабораторный феномен у тяжелобольных пациентов, но обусловливает необходимость тщательного клинического анализа каждого конкретного случая и соответствующей терапии. В статье представлены подходы к диагностике и лечению гипонатриемии в различных клинических ситуациях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyponatremia</kwd><kwd>electrolyte metabolism</kwd><kwd>arginine-vasopressin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипонатриемия</kwd><kwd>электролитный обмен</kwd><kwd>аргинин-вазопрессин</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Schrier RW. Body Water Homeostasis: Clinical Disorders of Urinary Dilution and Concentration. 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