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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17116/terarkh2017891150-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The spectrum of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tuberculosis in relation to human immunodeficiency virus status</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спектр первичной устойчивости Mycobacterium tuberculosis к лекарствам у больных туберкулезом в зависимости от статуса по вирусу иммунодефицита человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimina</surname><given-names>V N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимина</surname><given-names>В Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikova</surname><given-names>O E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микова</surname><given-names>О Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varetskaya</surname><given-names>T A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варецкая</surname><given-names>Т А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oborin</surname><given-names>D A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оборин</surname><given-names>Д А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyareva</surname><given-names>S Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярева</surname><given-names>С Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergevnin</surname><given-names>V I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергевнин</surname><given-names>В И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГКУЗ Пермского края «Пермский краевой центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 89, NO11 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 89, №11 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32311">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32311</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To estimate the detection rate and spectrum of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in patients with tuberculosis (TB) in relation to their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in a region with high HIV infection rates (the Perm Territory) and to compare of drug-resistant MBT (DR-MBT) in patients with HIV/TB co-infection, by using phenotypic and molecular genetic testing (MGT) methods. Subjects and methods. The results of sputum bacteriological examination were analyzed in 178 HIV-infected patients and 354 non-HIV-infected individuals with a TB diagnosis made in the period July 1, 2014 to August 1, 2015. The diagnostic algorithm for all patients involved a duplicate sputum test for MBT by two techniques: fluorescence microscopy (FM) and inoculation into the Levenstein-Jensen dense culture medium. In patients with HIV/TB, the bacteriological examination was complemented with two more methods: detection of MBT DNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using the AmpliTube-RV system (Synthol, Russia); and inoculation into the Middlebrook liquid nutrient medium, by applying the automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Results. In patients with HIV/TB, the sensitivity of FM proved to be lower than in those with TB (24.2 and 32.8%, respectively; p&lt;0.05) and that of inoculations into the dense culture medium was comparable regardless of HIV status (60.7 and 57.1%, respectively; p&gt;0.05). The primary drug resistance of MBT in patients with HIV-TB was higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (60.2 and 41.6%, respectively; p&lt;0.05). The phenotypic method (inoculation into the Levenstein-Jensen culture medium) and MGT revealed their agreement for the resistance of MBT to rifampicin (the most clinically significant drug in the choice of treatment policy) in 88.5% of the patients with HIV/TB. Conclusion. In patients with HIV/TB, the sensitivity of FM for detecting acid-resistant mycobacteria was lower than in those with TB and that of inoculations into the dense medium was comparable regardless of HIV status.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Резюме Цель исследования. Оценка частоты обнаружения и спектра первичной устойчивости микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) к лекарствам (ЛУ-МБТ) у больных туберкулезом (ТБ) в зависимости от статуса по вирусу иммунодефицита (ВИЧ) пациентов в регионе с высокой пораженностью ВИЧ-инфекцией (Пермский край) и сопоставление ЛУ-МБТ у больных с сочетанной инфекцией при помощи фенотипических и молекулярно-генетических методов (МГМ) тестирования. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты бактериологического исследования мокроты от 178 больных ВИЧ-инфекцией и 354 лиц без ВИЧ-инфекции с установленным диагнозом ТБ в период с 01.07.14 по 01.08.15 г. Диагностический алгоритм для всех больных включал двукратное исследование мокроты на МБТ двумя методами: с помощью люминесцентной микроскопии (ЛМ) и посева на плотную питательную среду Левенштейна—Йенсена. У больных ВИЧ-инфекцией/ТБ (ВИЧ-и/ТБ) бактериологическое исследование дополнено еще двумя методами: выявлением ДНК МБТ c помощью полимеразной цепной реакцией в реальном времени и использованием системы АмплиТуб-РВ («Синтол», Россия) и посева с использованием автоматизированной системы BACTEC MGIT 960 на жидкую питательную среду Мидлбрук. Результаты. Чувствительность ЛМ у больных ВИЧ-и/ТБ оказалась ниже, чем у больных ТБ, — 24,2 и 32,8% (р&lt;0,05) соответственно, а посевов на плотные среды — сопоставима вне зависимости от статуса по ВИЧ (60,7 и 57,1% соответственно; р&gt;0,05). Уровень первичной устойчивостью МБТ к лекарствам у больных ВИЧ-и/ТБ оказался выше, чем у больных с негативным статусом по ВИЧ (60,2 и 41,6% соответственно; р&lt;0,05). Доля совпадений определения устойчивости МБТ к рифампицину (как наиболее клинически значимому препарату при выборе тактики лечения) между фенотипическим методом (посев на плотную питательную среду Левенштейна—Йенсена) и МГМ у больных ВИЧ-и/ТБ составила 88,5%. Заключение. Чувствительность ЛМ для выявления кислотоустойчивых микробактерий у больных ВИЧ-и/ТБ ниже, чем у больных ТБ, а чувствительность посевов на плотную питательную среду для выявления МБТ сопоставима у больных ТБ вне зависимости от статуса по ВИЧ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>multidrug-resistant tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>drug sensitivity test in Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивость микобактерий туберкулеза к лекарствам</kwd><kwd>туберкулез с множественной устойчивостью к лекарствам</kwd><kwd>туберкулез с широкой устойчивостью к лекарствам</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>тест чувствительности МБТ к лекарствам</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO End TB strategy. WHO. Published 2015. 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