<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32215</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17116/terarkh201789276-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Possibilities of pH impedance and high-resolution manometry in managing patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности рН-импедансометрии и манометрии высокого разрешения при ведении пациентов с рефрактерной гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>I V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>И В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkalova</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баркалова</surname><given-names>Е В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsepyan</surname><given-names>M A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсепян</surname><given-names>М А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucheryavyi</surname><given-names>Yu A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучерявый</surname><given-names>Ю А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>D N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Д Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>89</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 89, NO2 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 89, №2 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32215">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32215</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that has a substantial impact on quality of life in patients and is a leading risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Now therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is a basic method in the treatment of patients with GERD; however, one third of the patients do not respond to the therapy used. The causes of refractory GERD are a fairly large group of heterogeneous factors contributing to the inefficacy of PPIs in adequate dosage. Among these factors, there is low compliance by patients to the prescribed treatment regimen; nocturnal acid breakthrough; СУР2С19 gene polymorphism; chiasm syndrome with functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; non-acidic refluxes in a patient; thoracic esophageal motility disorders; the increased number and duration of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation periods; hiatus hernia; and misdiagnosis. 24-hour pH impedance and high-resolution esophageal manometry are now the most informative diagnostic techniques in patients who fail to respond to PPI therapy. These techniques allow one to timely recognize the causes of refractory GERD, to make a differential diagnosis with other nosological entities, and to timely correct therapy for each individual patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аннотация Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (ГЭРБ) — широко распространенное заболевание, оказывающее существенное влияние на качество жизни больных и являющееся ведущим фактором риска развития аденокарциномы пищевода. В настоящее время терапия ингибиторами протонного насоса (ИПН) представляет собой базисный метод лечения пациентов с ГЭРБ, однако у 1/3 пациентов наблюдается устойчивость к назначенной терапии. Причины рефрактерной ГЭРБ представляют собой довольно большую группу гетерогенных факторов, обусловливающих неэффективность ИПН в адекватной дозировке. Среди данных факторов выделяют несоблюдение пациентами схемы назначенного лечения, феномен «ночного кислотного прорыва», полиморфизм гена CYP2С19, «перекрест» с функциональной патологией желудочно-кишечного тракта, наличие некислых рефлюксов у пациента, нарушения моторной активности грудного отдела пищевода, увеличение количества и продолжительности периодов транзиторных расслаблений нижнего пищеводного сфинктера, наличие грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы, а также ошибочную постановку диагноза. В настоящее время 24-часовая рН-импедансометрия и манометрия пищевода высокого разрешения являются наиболее информативными методами диагностики у пациентов, резистентных к терапии ИПН. Эти методы позволяют своевременно распознавать причины рефрактерного течения ГЭРБ, проводить дифференциальную диагностику с другими нозологиями, вовремя корректировать терапию индивидуально для каждого пациента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastroesophageal reflux disease</kwd><kwd>proton pump inhibitors</kwd><kwd>refractoriness</kwd><kwd>pH impedance</kwd><kwd>high-resolution manometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы протонной помпы</kwd><kwd>рефрактерность</kwd><kwd>рН-импедансометрия</kwd><kwd>манометрия высокого разрешения</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Абу Али ибн Сина (Авиценна). Канон врачебной науки. Изд. ЭНИО; 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Rossetti M. The reflux disease of the esophagus--clinical-surgical aspects. Hippokrates. 1967;38(3):92-97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Dent J, Brun J, Fendrick M, Fennerty J, Janssens P, Kahrilas K, Lauritsen J, Reynolds M, Shaw N. Talley on behalf of the Genval Workshop Group An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management-the Genval Workshop Report. Gut 1999;44(suppl 2):S1—S16. doi:10.1136/gut.44.2008.S1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Vakil N, Zanten S, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. Global Consensus Group The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(8):1900-1920. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01271.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Трухманов А.С., Баранская Е.К., Дронова О.Б., Зайратьянц О.В., Пасечников В.Д., Сайфутдинов Р.Г., Шептулин А.А., Кучерявый Ю.А., Лапина Т.Л., Сторонова О.А., Кайбышева В.О. Гастроэзофагеальнаярефлюкснаяболезнь. Клинические рекомендации. Москва, 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Трухманов А.С. Пищевод Баррета. В двух томах. М.: Издательство «Шико»; 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Dent J. Endoscopic grading of reflux oesophagitis: the past, present and future. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22(4):585-599. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2008.01.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>th United European Gastroenterology Week. Birmingham, United Kingdom, 18-23 October 1997. Abstracts. Gut. 1997;41(Suppl 3):A1-258,E1-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>El-Serag H, Sweet S, Winchester C, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro- oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut 2014;63:871-880. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Лазебник Л.Б., Машарова А.А., Бордин Д.С., Васильев Ю.В., Ткаченко Е.И., Абдулхаков Р.А. Результаты мультицентрового исследования «Эпидемиология гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни в России» (МЕГРЕ). Тер. архив 2011;83:45-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bor S, Lazebnik L, Kitapcioglu G, Manannikof I, Vasiliev Y. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Moscow. DisEsophagus. 2016;29(2):159-165. doi:10.1111/dote.12310</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Кайбышева В.О., Кучерявый Ю.А., Трухманов А.С., Сторонова О.А., Коньков М.Ю., Маев И.В., Ивашкин В.Т. Результаты многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования по применению международного опросника Gerd Q для диагностики ГЭРБ. РЖГГК. 2013;5:15-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Zerbib F, Roman S, Ropert A, des Varannes SB, Pouderoux P, Chaput U, Mion F, Vérin E, Galmiche JP, Sifrim D. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring and symptom analysis in GERD: a study in patients off and on therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(9):1956-1963. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00711.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Fujiwara Y, Higuchi K, Yamamori K, Watanabe Y, Shiba M, Watanabe T, Tominaga K, Oshitani N, Matsumoto T, Arakawa T. Pathogenesis and treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in Japanese patients Nihon Rinsho. 2004;62(8):1510-1515.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Carlsson R, Dent J, Watts R, Riley S, Sheikh R, Hatlebakk J, Haug K, de Groot G, van Oudvorst A, Dalväg A, Junghard O, Wiklund I. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with omeprazole. International GORD Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;10(2):119-124.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Crawley J, Schmitt C. How satisfied are chronic heartburn sufferers with their prescription medications? Results of the Patient Unmet Needs Study. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2000;7:29-34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Inadomi JM, McIntyre L, Bernard L, Fendrick AM. Stepdown from multipleto single-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): a prospective study of patients with heartburn or acid regurgitation completely relieved with PPIs. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(9):1940-1944. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07665.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Cicala M, Emerenziani S, Guarino MP, Ribolsi M. Proton pump inhibitor resistance, the real challenge in gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(39):6529-6535. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6529</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Scarpignato C. Poor effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in non-erosive reflux disease: the truth in the end! Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24(8):697-704. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01977.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Kawami N, Iwakiri K, Sakamoto C. Pathophysiology and Treatment of PPI-resistant NERD. Nihon Rinsho. 2015;73(7):1197-1201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Chey WD, Inadomi JM, Booher AM, Sharma VK, Fendrick AM, Howden CW. Primary-care physician’s perceptions and practices on the management of GERD: results of a national survey. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(6):1237-1242. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41364.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Pezanoski J, Guanaratnam N, Cowen M. Correct and incorrect dosing of proton pump inhibitors and its impact on GERD symptoms. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(suppl.):128.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Peres de la Serna J, Ruiz de Leon A, Sevilla-Mantilla C. Acid breakthrough in GERD patients under proton pump inhibitors (PPI) treatment in a daily practice. Gut. 2007;56(suppl. 3):217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Bredenoord A, Smout A. Therapy resistance of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: acid reflux, non-acid reflux or no reflux. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008;152(47):2548-52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Кучерявый Ю.А. Влияние полиморфизма гена CYP2С19 на эффективность эрадикационной терапии инфекции Helicobacter pylori. Экспер. иклин. гастроэнтерол. 2009;4:128-132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Оганесян Т.С., Момыналиев К.Т., Кучерявый Ю.А., Белый П.А. Полиморфизм гена цитохрома Р-450 2C19 и лечение инфекции Helicobacter pylori. Экспер. иклин. гастроэнтерол. 2008;3:78-85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ichikawa H, Sugimoto M, Sugimoto K, Andoh A Furuta T. Rapid metabolizer genotype of CYP2C19 is a risk factor of being refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy for reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(4):716-726. doi:10.1111/jgh.13233</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavyi YuA, Dicheva DT. Host factors influencing the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2014;30:134-40. doi:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.30.mett.61</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Андреев Д.Н. Клиническое значение синдрома «перекреста» функциональной диспепсии и гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Клин. перспективыгастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2013;5:17-22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Rasmussen S, Jensen T, Henriksen S, Haastrup P, Larsen P, Sondergaard J, Jarbol D. Overlap of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(2):162-169. doi:10.3109/00365521.2014.983157</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Young W, Hye-Kyung J, Seong-Eun K, Sung-Ae J. Overlap of Erosive and Non-erosive Reflux Diseases With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders According to Rome III Criteria. J Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2010;16(2):148-156. doi:10.5056/jnm.2010.16.2.148</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Hsu C, Liu T, Wen S, Wang C, Yi C, Chen J, Lei W, Orr W, Fabio P, Chen C. Clinical, metabolic, and psychological characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease overlap with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(5):516-522. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000000334</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Rieder F, Biancani P, Harnett K, Yerian L, Falk GW. Inflammatory mediators in gastroesophageal reflux disease: impact on esophageal motility, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298(5):G571-G581. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Cicala M. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Update on inflammation and symptom perception. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19(39):6523-6528. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6523</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Herregods T, Troelstra M, Weijenborg P, Bredenoord A, Smout A. Patients with refractory reflux symptoms often do not have GERD. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27(9):1267-1273. doi:10.1111/nmo.12620</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь: от патогенеза к терапевтическим аспектам. Consillium medicum. 2013;15(8):30-34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Трухманов А.С., Кайбышева В.О. рН-импедансометрия пищевода. Пособие для врачей. Под ред. акад. РАМН, проф. В.Т. Ивашкина М.: ИД «МЕДПРАКТИКА-М»; 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Yinan S, Xiao Y, Chen M. Predictors for proton pump inhibitor failure in non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(suppl. 3):60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Перспективы лечения гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Consilium Medicum. Гастроэнтерология. 2013;2:9-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Кайбышева В.О., Трухманов А.С., Ивашкин В.Т. Обсуждение проблемы гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни в материалах Всемирного гастроэнтерологического конгресса (Шанхай, 2013). РЖГГК. 2014;24(3):22-27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Eun H, Lee D, Park K. Evaluation of efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(suppl. 3):290.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Mainie I, Tutuian R, Shay S, Vela M, Zhang X, Sifrim D, Castell DO. Acid and nonacid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy. A multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring. Gut. 2006;55(10):1398-1402. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.087668</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:308-328. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.444</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Sifrim D, Castell D, Dent J, Kahrilas PJ. Gastroesophageal reflux monitoring: Review and consensus report on detection and definitions of acid, non-acid, and gas reflux. Gut. 2004;53(7):1024-1031. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.033290</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Aziz Q, Fass R, Gyawali C, Miwa H, Pandolfino J, Zerbib F. Functional Esophageal Disorders. Gastroenterology 2016;150:1368-1379. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Евсютина Ю.В., Трухманов А.С. Алгоритм ведения пациентов с рефрактерной формой ГЭРБ. РМЖ. 2015;28:1682-1683.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Savarino E, Zentilin P, Tutuian R, Pohl D, Gemignani L, Malesci A, Savarino V. Impedance-pH reflux patterns can differentiate non-erosive reflux disease from functional heartburn patients. J Gastroenterol. 2012;47:159-168. doi:10.1007/s00535-011-0480-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Gyawali CP, Roman S, Smout AJ, Pandolfino JE. The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;27:160-174. doi:10.1111/nmo.12477</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Wang K, Duan L, Xia Z, Xu Z, Ge Y. Esophageal motility characteristics of refractory heartburn: a study based on high resolution manometry and 24 hour pH-impedance monitoring. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014;94(34):2650-2655.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Boeckxstaens G. Alterations confined to the gastro-oesofageal junction: the relationship between low LOSP, TLOSRs, hiatus hernia and acid pocket. Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2010;24:821-829. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.08.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Pandolfino JE, Zhang QG, Ghosh SK, Han A, Boniquit C, Kahrilas PJ. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux: mechanistic analysis using concurrent fluoroscopy and high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1725-1733. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Grossi L, Ciccaglione A, Travaglini N, Marzio L. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and gastroesophageal reflux episodes in healthy subjects and GERD patients during 24 hours. Dig Dis Sci. 2001;46(4):815-821.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Bredenoord A, Weusten B, Carmagnola S, Smout A. Double-peaked high-pressure zone at the esophagogastric junction in controls and in patients with a hiatal hernia: a study using high-resolution manometry. Dig Dis Sci. 2004;49(7-8):1128-1135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Andolfi C, Bonavina L, Kavitt R, Konda V, Asti E, Patti M. Importance of Esophageal Manometry and pH Monitoring in the Evaluation of Patients with Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Multicenter Study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. A. 2016 May 24. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1089/lap.2016.0189</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
