<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">321795</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202484</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in adults. Focus on rheumatological aspects of the problem: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аутоиммунный полиэндокринный синдром взрослых. Фокус на ревматологические аспекты проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-156X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7839-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panevin</surname><given-names>Taras S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паневин</surname><given-names>Тарас Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. отд. воспалительных заболеваний суставов, врач-эндокринолог ФГБНУ «НИИ ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой», ассистент каф. факультетской и поликлинической терапии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО ДВГМУ</p></bio><email>tarasel@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2836</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6061-2318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zotkin</surname><given-names>Evgeniy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоткин</surname><given-names>Евгений Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, первый зам. дир. ФГБНУ «НИИ ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</p></bio><email>ezotkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8821-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зам. дир. Центра – дир. Института клинической эндокринологии ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии»</p></bio><email>troshina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>95</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>881</fpage><lpage>887</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/321795">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/321795</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions characterized by functional impairment of multiple endocrine glands due to loss of central or peripheral immune tolerance. These syndromes are also often accompanied by autoimmune damage to non-endocrine organs. Taking into account the wide range of components and variants of the disease, APS is usually divided into a rare juvenile type (APS 1) and a more common adult type (APS 2–4). APS type 1 is caused by a monogenic mutation, while APS types 2–4 have a polygenic mode of inheritance. One subtype of adult APS (APS 3D) is characterized by a combination of autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune rheumatic disease. This review considers the available literature data on combinations that meet the above criteria. Many studies have noted a significantly higher prevalence of rheumatic diseases in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease compared with the control group. Also, as in a number of rheumatic diseases, a more frequent occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis, primary hypothyroidism and Graves' disease was noted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аутоиммунные полигландулярные синдромы (АПС) представляют собой гетерогенную группу клинических состояний, характеризующихся функциональным нарушением множественных эндокринных желез вследствие потери центральной или периферической иммунной толерантности. Эти синдромы также часто сопровождаются аутоиммунным поражением неэндокринных органов. Принимая во внимание широкий спектр компонентов и вариантов течения, АПС обычно подразделяются на редкий ювенильный тип (АПС 1-го типа) и более распространенный взрослый тип (АПС 2–4-го типа). АПС 1-го типа вызывается моногенной мутацией, тогда как АПС 2–4-го типа имеет полигенный тип наследования. Один из подтипов АПС взрослых (АПС 3D) характеризуется сочетанием аутоиммунного заболевания щитовидной железы и аутоиммунного ревматического заболевания. В обзоре рассмотрены имеющиеся литературные данные о сочетаниях, подходящих под указанный критерий. Во многих исследованиях отмечена значимо более высокая распространенность ревматических заболеваний при аутоиммунной патологии щитовидной железы в сравнении с группой контроля. Так же, как и при ряде ревматических заболеваний, отмечена более частая встречаемость аутоиммунного тиреоидита, первичного гипотиреоза и болезни Грейвса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autoimmune thyroiditis</kwd><kwd>hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>Graves' disease</kwd><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунный тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>болезнь Грейвса</kwd><kwd>ревматические заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Russian Scientific Fund Grant: «Scientific substantiation, development and introduction of new technologies for diagnostics of comorbid iodine deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases, including using the capabilities of artificial intelligence» No. 2-15-00135 and within of the scientific topic of the «Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology» (Moscow, Russia): «Development of personalized program of treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of the study of molecular-genetic and molecular-biological predicators» No. 1021051503137-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Поисково-аналитическая работа выполнена в рамках Гранта РНФ: «Научное обоснование, разработка и внедрение новых технологий диагностики коморбидных йододефицитных и аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной железы, в том числе с использованием возможностей искусственного интеллекта» №2-15-00135» (фрагмент, посвященный аутоиммунным заболеваниям щитовидной железы) и в рамках фундаментальной научной тематики ФГБНУ «НИИ ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»: «Разработка персонализированной программы лечения рефрактерного ревматоидного артрита на основе изучения молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических предикторов. Создание и апробация регистра пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, резистентных к базисной противовоспалительной терапии» №1021051503137-7» (фрагмент, посвященный ревматологическим заболеваниям).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Трошина Е.А., Никонова Т.В., Свитич О.А., Юкина М.Ю. Аутоиммунный полигляндулярный синдром взрослых. Под ред. И.И. Дедова, Е.А. Трошиной. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019 [Troshina EA, Nikonova TV, Svitich OA, Iukina MYu. Autoimmunyi poligliandularnyi sindrom vsroslykh. Pod red. II Dedova, EA Troshina. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Паневин Т.С., Молашенко Н.В., Трошина Е.А., Головенко Е.Н. Аутоиммунный полигландулярный синдром взрослых: современные представления о предикторах развития поражения миокарда и диагностике компонентов заболевания. Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология. 2018;14(2):92-9 [Panevin TS, Molashenko NV, Troshina EA, Golovenko EN. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults: current ideas about predictors development of damage of a myocardium and diagnostics of components of a disease. Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology. 2018;14(2):92-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/ket9641</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Трошина Е.А., Ларина А.А., Терехова М.А. Аутоиммунный полигландулярный синдром взрослых: молекулярно-генетические и клинические характеристики (лекция). Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(4):91-6 [Troshina EA, Larina AA, Terekhova MA. Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome in adults: molecular genetic and clinical characteristics (lecture). Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(4):91-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2019.4.190361</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Betterle C, Furmaniak J, Sabbadin C, et al. Type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-3) or type 3 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS-3): an expanding galaxy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(4):643-65. DOI:10.1007/s40618-022-01994-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Gaches F, Delaire L, Nadalon S, et al. Fréquence des maladies auto-immunes chez 218 patients atteints de pathologies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes. Rev Med Interne. 1998;19(3):173-9. DOI:10.1016/s0248-8663(97)80716-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Masi AT, Hartmann WH, Hahn BH, et al. Hashimoto's disease. A clinicopathological study with matched controls. Lack of significant associations with other "autoimmune" disorders. Lancet. 1965;1(7377):123-6. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91088-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Becker KL, Ferguson RH, McConahey WM. The connective-tissue diseases and symptoms associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 1963;268:277-80. DOI:10.1056/NEJM196302072680601</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ruffilli I, et al. The association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis: Review of the literature and report of a large series of patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(12):1125-8. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, et al. The association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with Graves' disease (with or without ophthalmopathy): Review of the literature and report of a large series. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(3):287-92. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.10.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>White RG, Bass BH, Williams E. Lymphadenoid goitre and the syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 1961;1(7173):368-73. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)91537-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Loviselli A, Velluzzi F, Pala R, et al. Circulating antibodies to DNA-related antigens in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmunity. 1992;14(1):33-6. DOI:10.3109/08916939309077354</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Morita S, Arima T, Matsuda M. Prevalence of nonthyroid specific autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(4):1203-6. DOI:10.1210/jcem.80.4.7714090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Решетняк Т.М., Шумилова А.А., Кошелева Н.М. Клиническое значение антинуклеарных антител. Лечебное дело. 2021;4:96-103 [Reshetnyak TM, Shumilova AA, Kosheleva NM. Clinical Value of Antinuclear Antibodies. Lechebnoe delo. 2021;4:96-103 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.24412/2071-5315-2021-12398</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Luo W, Mao P, Zhang L, Yang Z. Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Lupus. 2018;27(13):2120-8. DOI:10.1177/0961203318805849</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar K, Kole AK, Karmakar PS, Ghosh A. The spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(1):73-8. DOI:10.1007/s00296-010-1556-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Posselt RT, Coelho VN, Pigozzo DC, et al. Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with systematic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2017;135(6):535-40. DOI:10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0089110617</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Pan XF, Gu JQ, Shan ZY. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have higher prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123291. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123291</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Ngian GS. Rheumatoid arthritis. Australian Family Physician. 2010; 39(9):626-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Mulhern LM, Masi AT, Shulman LE. Hashimoto's disease. A search for associated disorders in 170 clinically detected cases. Lancet. 1966;2(7462):508-11. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92875-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Hu Y, Wang H, Deng J. Adult-Onset Still's Disease Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Rheumatol J. 2014;8:9-12. DOI:10.2174/1874312901408010009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Alhomaidah D, Alsagheir A, Al-Mayouf SM. Coexistence of endocrinopathies in children with rheumatic diseases. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2016;3(3):119-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpam.2016.04.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Girón-Pïllado M, Cruz-Bautista I, Saavedra-González V, et al. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Real-life Screening Practice and Clinical Outcomes. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2022;18(3):272-7. DOI:10.2174/1573397118666220127105546</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Coll J, Anglada J, Tomas S, et al. High prevalence of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome features in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(9):1719-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Bloch KJ, Buchanan WW, Wohl MJ, Bunin JJ. Sjogren syndrome. A clinical, pathological and sierological study of 62 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1965;44:187-231.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Gordon T, Isenberg D. The endocrinologic associations of the autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1987;17(1):58-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Hughes GR, Whaley K. Sjögren's syndrome. Br Med J. 1972;4(5839):533-6. DOI:10.1136/bmj.4.5839.533</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Karsh J, Pavlidis N, Weintraub BD, Moutsopoulos HM. Thyroid disease in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23(11):1326-9. DOI:10.1002/art.1780231118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Fox RI, Howell FV, Bone RC, Michelson P. Primary Sjogren syndrome: clinical and immunopathologic features. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1984;14(2):77-105. DOI:10.1016/0049-0172(84)90001-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Pérez B, Kraus A, López G, et al. Autoimmune thyroid disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Am J Med. 1995;99(5):480-4. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80223-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Punzi L, Ostuni PA, Betterle C, et al. Thyroid gland disorders in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1996;63(11):809-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Hansen BU, Ericsson UB, Henricsson V, et al. Autoimmune thyroiditis and primary Sjögren's syndrome: clinical and laboratory evidence of the coexistence of the two diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1991;9(2):137-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Sun X, Lu L, Li Y, et al. Increased risk of thyroid disease in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2019;7:e6737. DOI:10.7717/peerj.6737</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Gabrielli A, Avvedimento EV, Krieg T. Scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):1989-2003. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra0806188</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Giuggioli D, et al. Associations between Systemic Sclerosis and Thyroid Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:266. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2017.00266</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Yao Q, Song Z, Wang B, et al. Thyroid disorders in patients with systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(6):634-6. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.01.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Lukjanowicz M, Bobrowska-Snarska D, Brzosko M. Współistnienie niedoczynności tarczycy i zapalenia wielomieśniowego lub skórno-mieśniowego. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2006;52 Suppl. 2:49-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Yao HH, Li YH, Zhang XW, Li ZG. Clinical analysis and immunological characteristics of patients with dermatomyositis and thyroid dysfunction. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2011;43(2):209-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Chen P, Xie J, Xiao R, et al. Clinical analysis for 108 cases of dermatomyositis. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2019;44(10):1157-62. DOI:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2019.180726</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Barnes CG, Yazici H. Behçet's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38(12):1171-4. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/38.12.1171</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Cebeci F, Onsun N, Pekdemir A, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity and Behçet's disease: is there a significant association? Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013:956837. DOI:10.1155/2013/956837</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Lin HP, Wu YH, Yu-Fong Chang J, et al. Gastric parietal cell and thyroid autoantibodies in patients with Behcet's disease. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018;117(6):505-11. DOI:10.1016/j.jfma.2018.03.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ruffilli I, et al. Increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a longitudinal follow-up study. Immunol Res. 2017;65(3):681-6. DOI:10.1007/s12026-017-8900-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Бекетова Т.В., Насонов Е.Л. Современная классификация системных васкулитов. Терапевтический архив. 2014;(5):94-8 [Beketova TV, Nasonov EL. Modern classification of systemic vasculitis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2014;(5):94-8 (in Russian)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Lionaki S, Hogan SL, Falk RJ, et al. Association between thyroid disease and its treatment with ANCA small-vessel vasculitis: a case-control study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(12):3508-15. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfm493</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Balavoine AS, Glinoer D, Dubucquoi S, Wémeau JL. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Associated with Antithyroid Drug Therapy: How Significant Is the Clinical Problem? Thyroid. 2015;25(12):1273-81. DOI:10.1089/thy.2014.0603</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Thomas RD, Croft DN. Thyrotoxicosis and giant-cell arteritis. Br Med J. 1974;2(5916):408-9. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.5916.408</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Wiseman P, Stewart K, Rai GS. Hypothyroidism in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. BMJ. 1989;298(6674):647-8. DOI:10.1136/bmj.298.6674.647</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Barrier JH, Abram M, Brisseau JM, et al. Autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid antibodies and giant cell arteritis: the supposed correlation appears fortuitous. J Rheumatol. 1992;19(11):1733-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Juchet H, Labarthe MP, Ollier S, et al. Prevalence de l'hypothyroidie et de l'hyperthyroidie dans la maladie de Horton et la pseudopolyarthrite rhizomélique. Etude contrôlée portant sur 104 cas. Rev Rhum Ed Fr. 1993;60(7-8):493-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Liozon E, Loustaud-Ratti V, Soria P, et al. Maladie de Horton: associations morbides chez 250 malades. Presse Med. 2004;33(19 Pt. 1):1304-12. DOI:10.1016/s0755-4982(04)98914-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Myklebust G, Gran JT. A prospective study of 287 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: clinical and laboratory manifestations at onset of disease and at the time of diagnosis. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35(11):1161-8. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/35.11.1161</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Duhaut P, Bornet H, Pinède L, et al. Giant cell arteritis and thyroid dysfunction: multicentre case-control study. The Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artériteá Cellules Géantes. BMJ. 1999;318(7181):434-5. DOI:10.1136/bmj.318.7181.434</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Dent RG, Edwards OM. Autoimmune thyroid disease and the polymyalgia rheumatica-giant cell arteritis syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1978;9(3):215-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb02202.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Antonelli A, Ferri C, Fallahi P, et al. Thyroid involvement in patients with overt HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. QJM. 2004;97(8):499-506. DOI:10.1093/qjmed/hch088</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
