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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Oral probiotics as anti-infectious immune response stimulators in the respiratory tract</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пероральные пробиотики как стимуляторы противоинфекционного иммунного ответа в респираторном тракте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhin</surname><given-names>O V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжин</surname><given-names>О В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>S S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>A S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>А С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«МНИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 88, NO5 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 88, №5 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32025">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/32025</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review analyzes whether it is expedient to use oral probiotics for the stimulation of immune response against pathogens in the respiratory tract. It considers a relationship between mucosal microbial colonization in different biotopes of the body and mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. The principal and terminological controversial issues of colonic dysbiosis and the possibilities of using the medicines and products containing live commensals/symbionts to correct microbiota disturbances are examined. There are data on the degree of resistance and resilience of the colonic microbial community exposed to destabilizing factors, antibiotics in particular. The properties of probiotics that have been proven to enhance host response against pathogens and the phenomena that characterize these probiotics as immunomodifiers and distinguish them from other immunostimulating/immunomodulating agents are described. Criteria for choosing effective and safe oral probiotics to stimulate an immune response in the respiratory tract are formulated. Finally, we review the data on the clinical and immunomodulatory effects of dietary supplement containing a combination of three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 and Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3) with vitamins and minerals as an agent to prevent and reduce the severity of acute and recurrent respiratory tract infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре анализируется целесообразность применения пероральных пробиотиков для стимуляции противоинфекционного иммунного ответа в респираторном тракте. Рассматривается взаимосвязь микробной колонизации слизистых оболочек разных биотопов нашего организма и мукозального иммунитета в дыхательных путях. Разбираются принципиальные и терминологические дискуссионные вопросы дисбиоза толстой кишки и возможности использования продуктов и препаратов, содержащих живые комменсалы/симбионты, для коррекции расстройств микробиоты. Приводятся данные о степени устойчивости к дестабилизирующим факторам, в частности к антибиотикам, и способности к восстановлению микробного сообщества толстой кишки. Описываются свойства пробиотиков с доказанной способностью усиливать противоинфекционную защиту и феномены, которые характеризуют эти пробиотики как иммунотропные средства и отличают их от других иммуностимулирующих/иммуномодулирующих препаратов. Формулируются критерии выбора действенных и безопасных пероральных пробиотиков для стимуляции иммунного ответа в респираторном тракте. Приводятся данные о клинических и иммунокорригирующих эффектах биологически активной добавки к пище, включающей комбинацию 3 пробиотических штаммов (Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 и Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3) с витаминами и минералами, как средства профилактики и снижения тяжести острых и рецидивирующих респираторных инфекций дыхательных путей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>terminology</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>immunomodulators</kwd><kwd>respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>nonspecific immunoprophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>терминология</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляторы</kwd><kwd>респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>неспецифическая иммунопрофилактика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Notter RH. 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