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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Consecutive formation of the functions of high-, low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins during phylogenesis. Unique algorithm of the effects of lipid-lowering drugs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Последовательное становление в филогенезе функции липопротеинов высокой, низкой и очень низкой плотности. Единый алгоритм действия гиполипидемических препаратов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>V N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>В Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhkova</surname><given-names>T A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожкова</surname><given-names>Т А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aripovsky</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ариповский</surname><given-names>А В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 87, NO9 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 87, №9 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31847">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31847</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During phylogenesis, all fatty acids (FA) were initially transported to cells by apoА-I high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in polar lipids. Later, active cellular uptake of saturated, monoenoic and unsaturated FA occurred via triglycerides (TG) in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Active uptake of polyenoic FA (PUFA) required the following: а) PUFA re-esterified from polar phospholipids into nonpolar cholesteryl polyesters (poly-CLE), b) a novel protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), initiated poly-CLE transformation from HDL to LDL. CETP formed blood HDL-CETP-LDL complexes in which poly-CLE spontaneously came from polar lipids of TG in HDL to nonpolar TG in LDL. Then ligand LDLs formed and the cells actively absorbed PUFA via apoB-100 endocytosis. Some animal species (rats, mice, dogs) developed a spontaneous CETP-minus mutation followed by population death from atherosclerosis. However, there was another active CETP-independent uptake formed during phylogenesis; the cells internalized poly-CLE in HDL. Since apoА-I had no domain-ligand, another apoE/A-I ligand formed; the cells began synthesizing apoЕ/А-I receptors. In cells of rabbits and primates absorbed cells PUFA consecutively: HDL→LDL→apoВ-100 endocytosis; those of rats and dogs did HDL directly: HDL→апоЕ/А-I endocytosis. In the rabbits, CETP was high, apoE in HDL was low, and the animals were sensitive to exogenous hypercholesterolemia. In the rats, CETP was low and ApoE in HDL was high, and the animals were resistant to hypercholesterolemia. Reduced bioavailability of PUFA during their consecutive cellular uptake and development of intercellular PUFA deficiency are fundamental to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В филогенезе вначале все жирные кислоты (ЖК) переносили к клеткам апоА-I липопротеины (ЛП) высокой плотности (ЛПВП) в полярных липидах. Позже клетки сформировали активное поглощение насыщенных, моноеновых и ненасыщенных ЖК в форме триглицеридов (ТГ) в ЛП низкой плотности (ЛПНП). Для активного поглощения клетками полиеновых ЖК (ПНЖК) произошло следующее: а) переэтерификация ПНЖК из полярных фосфолипидов в неполярные полиэфиры холестерина — ХС (поли-ЭХС) в ЛПВП; б) новый протеин — белок, переносящий эфиры ХС — ЭХС (БПЭХ), инициировал переход поли-ЭХС из ЛПВП в ЛПНП. БПЭХ сформировал в крови тройственные комплексы ЛПВП + БПЭХ + ЛПНП; в них поли-ЭХС спонтанно переходят из структуры полярных липидов ЛПВП в неполярные структуры ТГ в ЛПНП. В дельнейшем формируются лигандные ЛПНП и клетки активно поглощают ПНЖК апоВ-100 эндоцитозом. У отдельных видов животных (крысы, мыши, собаки) произошла спонтанная мутация БПЭХ-минус. За этим последовала гибель популяции от атеросклероза; но в филогенезе сформировался иной вариант активного поглощения ПНЖК без БПЭХ; клетки стали поглощать поли-ЭХС в составе ЛПВП. Поскольку апоА-I не имеет домена-лиганда, сформировался иной лиганд апоЕ/А-I; клетки же стали синтезировать рецепторы апоЕ/А-I. Клетки кроликов, приматов поглощают ПНЖК последовательно ЛПВП→ЛПНП→апоВ-100 эндоцитоза; клетки крыс и собак поглощают ЛПВП прямо ЛПВП→апоЕ/А-I эндоцитоз. У кроликов высоко содержание БПЭХ, низок уровень апоЕ в ЛПВП и они чувствительны к экзогенной гиперхолестеринемии. У крыс низок уровень БПЭХ, высоко содержание апоЕ в ЛПВП и они резистентны к гиперхолестеринемии. Основа патогенеза атеросклероза — понижение биодоступности ПНЖК при последовательном поглощении их клетками и формирование внутриклеточного дефицита ПНЖК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyenoic fatty acids</kwd><kwd>apoE</kwd><kwd>cholesteryl ester transfer protein</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиеновые жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>апоЕ</kwd><kwd>белок переносящий эфиры холестерина</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Antonopoulos AS, Margaritis M, Lee R, Channon K, Antoniades C. Statins as anti-inflammatory agents in atherogenesis: molecular mechanisms and lessons from the recent clinical trials. Curr Pharmceut Des. 2012;18:1519-1530.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Титов В.Н. 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