<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31829</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Acetylsalicylic acid for the prevention of primary myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Профилактика ацетилсалициловой кислотой первичного инфаркта миокарда и ишемического инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorodskaya</surname><given-names>I V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самородская</surname><given-names>И В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotova</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотова</surname><given-names>Е В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boytsov</surname><given-names>S A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>С А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 87, NO9 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 87, №9 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31829">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31829</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is evidence that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is effective in preventing events in a number of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a number of unresolved problems concerning the efficiency and suitability of its use as an agent for the prevention of cardiovascular events (CVEs) (myocardial infarction (MI) and/or ischemic stroke (IS) and/or death) in subjects without any clinical manifestations and/or diagnosed coronary heart disease (primary prevention of CVEs). The aim of the review is to compare the current recommendations of professional communities for the use of ASA as an agent for the primary prevention of CVEs, to analyze cohort studies and meta-analyses that are not included in the above recommendations (2013-2014), and to consider particular issues on ASA administration (resistance to ASA; barriers to its preventive use). The analysis performed suggests that there is no convincing evidence that it is reasonable to use ASA as a population-wide prevention strategy. The studies and meta-analyses often show conflicting data, which is likely to be associated with the clinical features of population groups included in the studies, with the presence or absence of ASA resistance and motivation for therapy. According to the current clinical recommendations, the results of studies and meta-analysis, and expert’s opinions, deciding whether it is expedient to use ASA as an agent for the prevention of primary MI and/or IS and death from atherosclerostic vascular events should be based on the assessment of an individual’s risks for the above disorders, which are related to a risk for hemorrhages due to ASA intake.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Доказана эффективность ацетилсалициловой кислоты (АСК) в профилактике осложнений при ряде сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Однако остается ряд нерешенных вопросов об эффективности и целесообразности ее применения в качестве средства профилактики сердечно-сосудистых осложнений (ССО) — инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и/или ишемического инсульта (ИИ), и/или смерти от них у лиц без клинических проявлений и/или диагностированной ишемической болезни сердца (первичной профилактики ССО). Цель обзора — сравнить действующие в настоящее время рекомендации профессиональных сообществ в отношении применения АСК в качестве средства первичной профилактики ССО, провести анализ когортных исследований и метаанализов, не включенных в указанные рекомендации (2011—2014 гг.), а также рассмотреть частные вопросы, связанные с приемом АСК (резистентность к АСК; препятствия для профилактического использования АСК). Проведенный анализ свидетельствует об отсутствии убедительных доказательств целесообразности использования АСК в качестве общепопуляционной стратегии профилактики. Результаты исследований и метаанализов часто представляют противоречивые результаты, что, вероятно, связано с клиническими особенностями популяционных групп, включенных в исследования, наличию или отсутствию резистентности к АСК и мотивации к терапии. Согласно действующим клиническим рекомендациям, результатам исследований, метаанализов и экспертных мнений, принятие решения о целесообразности назначения АСК в качестве средства профилактики первичного ИМ и/или острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения по ишемическому типу, а также смерти от сосудистых осложнений атеросклероза должно быть основано на оценке индивидуальных рисков указанных заболеваний, соотнесенных с риском кровотечений на фоне приема АСК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acetylsalicylic acid</kwd><kwd>primary prevention</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ацетилсалициловая кислота</kwd><kwd>первичная профилактика</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бойцов С.А., Оганов Р.Г. Четверть века в поисках оптимальных путей профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний и новые задачи на будущее. Профилактическая медицина. 2013;5:3-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Европейские клинические рекомендации по профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (пересмотр 2012). Российский кардиологический журнал. 2012;4(96), приложение 2:1-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Бритов А.Н., Рыжова Т.В., Беда Н.П. Атеросклероз периферических артерий как важная цель профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний — акцент на антиагреганты. Трудный пациент. 2013;7:4-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Танашян М.М., Домашенко М.А. Ацетилсалициловая кислота в лечении и профилактике цереброваскулярных заболеваний. Нервные болезни. 2012;1:13-17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Бубнова М.Г. АСК в профилактике атеротромбоза и коронарной болезни сердца. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2010;4(84):115-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Говорин А.В., Филёв А.П. Ацетилсалициловая кислота в профилактике атеротромбоза. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2012;8(2):237-241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services. Leawood (KS): American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP); 2013:19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2)(Suppl):e637S-e668S.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, Creager MA, Culebras A, Eckel RH, Hart RG, Hinchey JA, Howard VJ, Jauch EC, Levine SR, Meschia JF, Moore WS, Nixon JV, Pearson TA. American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council for High Blood Pressure Research; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care Outcomes Research. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:517-584.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bell AD, Roussin A, Cartier R, Chan WS, Douketis JD, Gupta A, Kraw ME, Lindsay TF, Love MP, Pannu N, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Shuaib A, Teal P, Théroux P, Turpie AG, Welsh RC, Tanguay JF. The use of antiplatelet therapy in the outpatient setting: Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines Executive Summary. Can J Cardiol. 2011;27(2):208-221.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1635-1701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, Rosenson RS, Williams CD, Wilson PW, Kirkman MS. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010; 121(24):2694-2701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkinson J, Bass C, Diem S, Gravley A, Harvey L, Maciosek M, McKeon K, Milteer L, Owens J, Rothe P, Snellman L, Solberg L, Vincent P. Preventive services for adults. Bloomington (MN): Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI); 2013:107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Antithrombotics: indications and management. A national clinical guideline. Edinburgh (Scotland): Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN); 2013:68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tang HQ, Yang LL, Hu SL, Shen G, Sun YH, Huang XH, Li JH, Xu TJ. Effects of low-dose aspirin on primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic review. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing ZaZhi. 2010;38(4):315-320.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bartolucci AA, Tendera M, Howard G. Meta-analysis of multiple primary prevention trials of cardiovascular events using aspirin. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(12):1796-1801.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Sutcliffe P, Connock M, Gurung T, Freeman K, Johnson S, Kandala NB, Grove A, Gurung B, Morrow S, Clarke A. Aspirin for prophylactic use in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and overview of reviews. Health Technol Assess. 2013;17(43):1-253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Cleland JGF. Is aspirin useful in primary prevention? EurHeart J. 2013;34(44):3412-3418.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Kolber MR, Korownyk C. An aspirin a day? Aspirin use across a spectrum of risk: cardiovascular disease, cancers and bleeds. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(2):153-157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Thorat MA, Cuzick J. Role of aspirin in cancerprevention. Curr Oncol Rep. 2013;15(6):533-540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Puhan MA, Singh S, Weiss CO, Varadhan R, Sharma R, Boyd CM. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: A Comparison of Quantitative Approaches [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Nov. Report No.: 12(14)-EHC149-EF. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Lin KJ, De Caterina R, Rodríguez LAG. Low-dose aspirin and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in primary versus secondary cardiovascular prevention. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2014;7(1): 70-77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Ittaman SV, Vanwormer JJ, Rezkalla SH. The Role of Aspirin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Med Res. 2014;12(3-4):147-154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Goltz L, Bodechtel U, Siepmann T. Statins and ASS for primary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2014;139(6):283-286.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Shiffman D, Slawsky K, Fusfeld L, Devlin JJ, Goss TF. Cost-effectiveness model of use of genetic testing as an aid in assessing the likely benefit of aspirin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clin Ther. 2012;34(6):1387-1394.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Dietrich E, Davis K. A Statin a Day to Keep the Doctor Away? Comparing Aspirin and Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48(9):1238-1241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Cuzick J, Thorat MA, Bosetti C, Bosetti C, Brown PH, Burn J, Cook NR, Ford LG, Jacobs EJ, Jankowski JA, La Vecchia C, Law M, Meyskens F, Rothwell PM, Senn HJ, Umar A. Estimates of benefits and harms of prophylactic use of aspirin in the general population. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(1):47-57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Gapstur SM, Thun MJ. Daily aspirin use and cancer mortality in a large US cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:1208-1217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hissett J, Folks B, Coombs L, Leblanc W, Pace WD. Effects of changing guidelines on prescribing aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events. J Am Board Fam Med. 2014;27(1):78-86.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Hankey G., Eikelboom J. Aspirin resistance. Lancet. 2006;367:606-617.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Grosser T, Fries S, Lawson J, Kapoor SC, Grant GR, FitzGerald GA. Drug Resistance and Pseudoresistance: An Unintended Consequence of Enteric Coating Aspirin. Circulation. 2013;127(3):377-385.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Chadha D, Sumana B, Karthikeyan G, Jayaprasad V, Arun SS. Prevalence of aspirinresistance in Asian-Indian patients with stable coronary artery disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014. doi: 10.1002/ccd.25420.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Гринштейн Ю.И., Косинова А.А., Гринштейн И.Ю. Возможные причины и механизмы развития вторичной резистентности к ацетилсалициловой кислоте. Российские медицинские вести. 2013;2:4-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Maddali S, Biring T, Bluhm J, Kopecky S, Krueger K, Larson T, Mikelson M, Miley T, Morton C, Pruthi R, Schullo-Feulner A. Antithrombotic therapy supplement. Bloomington (MN): Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI); 2013:88.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Bonello L, Tantry US, Marcucci R, Blindt R, Angiolillo DJ, Becker R, Bhatt DL, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Cuisset T, Gachet C, Montalescot G, Jennings LK, Kereiakes D, Sibbing D, Trenk D, Van Werkum JW, Paganelli F, Price MJ, Waksman R, Gurbel PA; Working Group on High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity. Consensus and future directions on the definition of high on-treatment platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(12):919-933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>George MG, Tong X, Sonnenfeld N, Hong Y. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended use of aspirin and other antiplatelet medications among adults — National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2005—2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61Suppl:11-18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Bhatt DL, Eagle KA, Ohman EM, Hirsch AT, Goto S, Mahoney EM, Wilson PW, Alberts MJ, D’Agostino R, Liau CS, Mas JL, Röther J, Smith SC Jr, Salette G, Contant CF, Massaro JM, Steg PG; REACH Registry Investigators. Comparative determinants of 4-year cardiovascular event rates in stable outpatients at risk of or with atherothrombosis. JAMA. 2010;304:1350-1357.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
