<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Place of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Место пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>E Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Е Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Кемеровская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 87, NO5 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 87, №5 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31794">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31794</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper gives data on the prevalence and etiopathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and describes the major pathogens of this disease and methods for their diagnosis. It considers treatment policy in detail, with an emphasis on the use of probiotics for both the prevention and therapy of the disease described. Russian investigations on the alleged topic of a Linex probiotic complex, as well as the authors’ original trial of this medication are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье приводятся данные о распространенности и этиопатогенезе развития антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи, описаны основные возбудители этого заболевания и методы их диагностики. Подробно рассмотрена тактика лечения, при этом акцент сделан на применении пробиотиков как для профилактики, так и для терапии описываемого заболевания. Представлены отечественные исследования по заявленной тематике с пробиотическим комплексом Линекс, а также оригинальное авторское исследование этого препарата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>Linex</kwd><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>Линекс</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Самсонов А.А., Плотникова Е.Ю., Андреев Н.Г., Краснова М.В., Баранова Е.Н. Синдром раздраженного кишечника — болезнь со многими неизвестными, некоторые терапевтические аспекты. Лечащий врач 2012; 12: 34—39.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bartlett J.G. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 334—339.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>McFarland L.V. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998; 16: 292—307.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Surawicz C.M. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis: are they less common with poorly absorbed antimicrobials? Chemotherapy 2005; 51 (Suppl. 1): 81—89.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bartlett J.G. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 573—581.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Gilbert D.N. Aspects of the safety profile of oral antimicrobial agents. Infect Dis Clin Pract 1995; 4 (Suppl 2): 103—112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Плотникова Е.Ю., Захарова Ю.В. Роль пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи. Доказательная гастроэнтерология 2013; 4 (2): 51—57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Шевяков М.А. Антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея и кандидоз кишечника: возможности лечения и профилактики. Антибиотики и химиотерапия 2004; 10 (49): 26—29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>McFarland L.V. Normalflora: Diversity and functions. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2000; 12: 193—207.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Modi N., Wilcox M.H. Evidence of antibiotic induced Clostridium perfringens diarrhoea. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54: 748—751.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Vaishnavi C., Kaur S., Singh K. Clostridium perfringens type A &amp; antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Indian J Med Res 2005; 122: 52—56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Gravet A., Rondeau M., Harf-Monteil C., Grunenberger F., Monteil H., Scheftel J.M., Prevost G. Predominant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-associated diarrhea is clinically relevant and produces enterotoxin A and the bicomponent toxin LukE-LukD. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 4012—4019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Beaugerie L., Metz M., Barbut F., Bellaiche G., Bouhnik Y., Raskine L., Nicolas J.C., Chatelet F.P., Lehn N., Petit J.C. Klebsiella oxytoca as an agent of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;1: 370—376.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kim S.W., Peck K.R., Jung S.I., Kim Y.S., Kim S.M., Lee N.Y., Song J.H. Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a potential cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16: 742—744.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Levine J., Dykoski R.K., Janoff E.N. Candida-associated diarrhea: a syndrome in search of credibility. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 881—886.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Song H.J., Shim K.N., Jung S.A, Choi H.J., Lee M.A., Ryu K.H., Kim S.E., Yoo K. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: candidate organisms other than Clostridium difficile. Korean J Intern Med 2008; 23 (1): 9—15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Wistrom J., Norrby S.R., Myhre E.B., Eriksson S., Granstrom G., Lagergren L., Englund G., Nord C.E., Svenungsson B. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in 2462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43—50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Hogenauer C., Hammer H.F., Krejs G.J., Reisinger E.C. Mechanisms and management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 (4): 702—710.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Riggs M.M., Sethi A.K., Zabarsky T.F., Eckstein E.C., Jump R.L., Donskey C.J. Asymptomatic carriers are a potential source for transmission of epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains among long-term care facility residents. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 992.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Torres J., Jennische E., Lange S. Enterotoxins from Cl. difficile; diarrhoeogenic potency and morphological effects in the rat intestine. Gut 1990; 31: 781—785.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kyne L., Warny M., Qamar A., Kelly C.P. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 390—397.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Idem А. Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet 2001; 357: 189—193.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Bulusu M., Narayan S., Shetler K., Triadafilopoulos G. Leukocytosis as a harbinger and surrogate marker of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 3137—3141.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Manabe Y.C., Vinetz J.M., Moore R.D., Merz C., Charache P., Bartlett J.G. Clostridium difficile colitis: an efficient clinical approach to diagnosis. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 835—840.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Guerrant R.L. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 331—351.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Mylonakis E., Ryan E.T., Calderwood S.B. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a review. Arch Intern Med 2000; 161: 525—533.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Laughon B.E., Viscidi R.P., Gdovin S.L., Yolken R.H., Bartlett J.G. Enzyme immunoassays for detection of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in fecal specimens. J Infect Dis 1984; 149: 781—788.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Скворцов В.В. Дисбиоз кишечника и антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея, диагностика и лечение. Лечащий врач 2008; 2: 43—47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Teasley D.G., Gerding D.N., Olson M.M., Peterson L.R., Gebhard R.L., Schwartz M.J., Lee J.T. Jr. Prospective randomized trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. Lancet 1983; 2: 1043—1046.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Wenisch C., Parschalk B., Hasenhundl M., Hirschl A.M., Graninger W. Comparison of vancomycin, teicoplanin, metronidazole, and fusidic acid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 813—818.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Bartlett J.G. Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1192—1195.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>John G.B. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. New Engl J Med 2002; 5 (346): 334—339.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Cartman S.T., Heap J.T., Kuehne S.A., Cockayne A., Minton N.P. The emergence of «hypervirulence» in Clostridium difficile. Int J Med Microbiol 2010; 300: 387—395.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Hickson M. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infection. Adv Gastroenterol 2011; 4 (3): 185—197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Cohen S.H., Gerding D.N., Johnson S., Kelly C.P., Loo V.G., McDonald L.C., Pepin J., Wilcox M.H. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (5): 431—455.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Surawicz C.M., Brandt L.J., Binion D.G., Ananthakrishnan A.N., Curry S.R., Gilligan P.H., McFarland L.V., Mellow M., Zuckerbraun B.S. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108 (4): 478—498.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Garey K.W., Ghantoji S.S., Shah D.N., Habib M., Arora V., Jiang Z.D., DuPont H.L. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the ability of rifaximin to prevent recurrent diarrhoea in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66 (12): 2850—2855.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Vaughan R.B. The romantic rationalist: a study of Elie Metchnikoff. Med Hist 1965; 9: 201—215.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Verna E.C., Lucak S. Use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders: what to recommend? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2010; 3 (5): 307—319.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Воrchers A.T., Selmi C., Meyers F.J., Keen C.L., Gershwin M.E. Probiotics and immunity. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 26—46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Lin H.C. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA 2004; 292 (7): 852—858.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Vanderpool C., Yan F., Polk D.B. Mechanisms of probiotic action: Implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases Inflamm. Bowel Dis 2008; 14: 1585—1596.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Rousseaux C., Thuru X., Gelot A., Barnich N., Neut C., Dubuquoy L., Dubuquoy C., Merour E., Geboes K., Chamaillard M., Ouwehand A., Leyer G., Carcano D., Colombel J.F., Ardid D., Desreumaux P. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 2007; 13: 35—37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>McFarland L.V. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 812—822.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Szajewska H., Mrukowicz J. Meta-analysis: non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22: 365—337.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Cremonini F., Di Caro S., Nista E.C., Bartolozzi F., Capelli G., Gasbarrini G., Gasbarrini A. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1461—1467.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>D’Souza AL., Rajkumar C., Cooke J., Bulpitt C.J. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 324 (7350): 1361.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Шульпекова Ю.О. Антибиотикассоциированная диарея. РМЖ 2007; 6 (15): 1—6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Плотникова Е.Ю., Никушкина И.Н., Ивашкина Н.Ю. Пробиотики и пребиотики в клинической практике. Фарматека 2011; 5 (218): 33—41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Горелов А.В., Усенко Д.В., Трефилова И.Ш. Профилактика антибиотикассоциированной диареи у детей, больных острыми респираторными заболеваниями. Инфекционные болезни 2008; 1: 69—72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Симаненков В.И., Ильяшевич И.Г., Коновалова Н.В. Пробиотическая терапия в комплексном лечении пневмонии. Врач 2010; 3: 46—49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Бельмер С.В. Антибиотик-ассоциированный дисбактериоз кишечника. РМЖ 2004; 12: 148—151.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Щербаков П.Л., Нижевич А.А., Амирова В.Р. Антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея у детей — особенности коррекции микрофлоры. Вопр. практической педиатрии 2010: 5 (5): 44—51.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
