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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of respiratory viruses on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Towards optimizing treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние респираторных вирусов на течение хронической обструктивной болезни легких: на пути к оптимизации лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhin</surname><given-names>O V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжин</surname><given-names>О В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelenkova</surname><given-names>I N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челенкова</surname><given-names>И Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponezheva</surname><given-names>Zh B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понежева</surname><given-names>Ж Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНИЦ профилактической медицины Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЦНИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 87, NO3 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 87, №3 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31743">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31743</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper analyzes the currently available data on the impact of respiratory viruses (RVs) on the exacerbations and clinical phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as on the molecular mechanisms of this impact. It emphasizes the role of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), primarily rhinovirus infections (RVI) as the most important triggers of COPD exacerbations and the causes of their severe and long-term course. Particular attention is given to ARVI-induced secondary bacterial infections that worsen COPD exacerbations. The mechanisms of how RVs potentiate chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airway, which are caused by tobacco smoke, are depicted. There are arguments that there is a much greater correlation of the acute episodes showing the more severe respiratory symptoms of COPD with ARVI than can be found by molecular methods for RV verification. The body’s genetic and/or acquired excessive response to viral invasion does not reflect the efficacy of antiviral defense and is an endogenous damaging factor in this situation. The role of RVs in the formation of the clinical phenotypes of COPD with frequent exacerbations remains debatable. The need for a search and more active practical introduction of means to prevent virus-induced COPD exacerbations appears obvious. In this regard, the authors identify chemical and mechanical polyvalent bacterial lysates for oral and sublingual administration. In addition to nonspecific stimulation of antiviral defense, these medicines induce antigen-specific mucosal and systemic reactions against bacterial pathogens. The role of ARVI pathogens in COPD exacerbations deserves a greater practical attention focused towards optimizing the treatment of this social disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проанализированы современные данные о влиянии респираторных вирусов (РВ) на обострения и клинический фенотип хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ), а также о молекулярных механизмах этого влияния. Подчеркнута роль острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ), в первую очередь риновирусной инфекции (РВИ), как важнейших пусковых факторов обострений ХОБЛ и причины их более тяжелого и длительного течения. Особое внимание уделено индуцированным ОРВИ вторичным бактериальным инфекциям, отягощающим обострения ХОБЛ. Описаны механизмы потенцирования РВ хронического воспаления и ремоделирование дыхательных путей, вызванные табачным дымом. Приведены аргументы о гораздо большей, чем это удается выявить с помощью молекулярных методов верификации РВ, связи острых эпизодов утяжеления респираторных симптомов ХОБЛ с ОРВИ. Генетически обусловленный и/или приобретенный избыточный ответ организма на вирусную инвазию не отражает эффективности противовирусной защиты и является эндогенным повреждающим фактором в рассматриваемой ситуации. Роль РВ в формировании клинических фенотипов ХОБЛ с частыми обострениями остается предметом дискуссии. Выкристаллизовывается необходимость поиска и более активного внедрения в практику средств для предотвращения индуцированных вирусами обострений ХОБЛ. В этом плане выделяются химические и механические поливалентные бактериальные лизаты для перорального и сублингвального применения. Эти препараты, помимо неспецифической стимуляции противовирусной защиты, индуцируют антигенспецифические мукозальные и системные реакции в отношении входящих в их состав бактериальных патогенов. Роль возбудителей ОРВИ в обострениях ХОБЛ заслуживает большего практического внимания на пути к оптимизации лечения этого социально-значимого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>respiratory viruses</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of exacerbations</kwd><kwd>bacterial lysates</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>респираторные вирусы</kwd><kwd>механизмы обострений</kwd><kwd>бактериальные лизаты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yach D., Hawkes C., Gould C.L., Hofman K.J. The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA 2004; 291: 2616—2622.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bousquet J., Khaltaev N. (ed.) Global surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases: a comprehensive approach. 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