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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gestational diabetes mellitus: Yesterday, today, tomorrow</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гестационный сахарный диабет: вчера, сегодня, завтра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burumkulova</surname><given-names>F F</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурумкулова</surname><given-names>Ф Ф</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>fatima-burumkulova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrukhin</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрухин</surname><given-names>В А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО "Московский областной НИИ акушерства и гинекологии"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 86, NO10 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 86, №10 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31627">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31627</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is first detected during pregnancy and does not meet the criteria for manifest diabetes. The incidence of GDM worldwide varies from 1 to 14% and that in Russia is as high as 4%. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with the development of preeclampsia, the birth of a big baby, emergency cesarean section, birth trauma, and neonatal hypoglycemia. The fact that there is no well-organized screening for GDM in our country leads to that the diagnosis of this condition is delayed for 4-20 weeks in 50-60% of cases. The risk group distribution of pregnant women leads to the diagnosis of GDM only in 50% of cases. At the same time, pregnancy is accompanied by physiological insulin resistance so the latter itself is a clinically important risk factor for carbohydrate metabolic disturbances. The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HYPO) study has indicated that the previously used diagnostic criteria for GDM require reconsideration. There is a need for uniform standards for the diagnosis and treatment of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances during pregnancy. The concepts "diabetes mellitus (DM)" and "manifest (new-onset DM during pregnancy" and directly "GDM" require clear clinical and laboratory definitions. Furthermore, GDM is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 DM and cardiovascular diseases in the mother and her offspring in future.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аннотация. Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) - гипергликемия, впервые выявленная по время беременности и не соответствующая критериям манифестного диабета. Частота ГСД в мире варьирует от 1 до 14%, в России - до 4%. Гипергликемия во время беременности ассоциирована с развитием преэклампсии, рождением крупного плода, экстренным кесаревым сечением, родовым травматизмом, неонатальной гипогликемией. Отсутствие в нашей стране налаженного скрининга на ГСД приводит к тому, что в 50-60% случаев диагноз ГСД ставится с опозданием на 4-20 нед. Распределение беременных по группам риска приводит к диагностике ГСД только в 50% случаев. В то же время беременность сопровождается физиологической инсулинорезистентностью, поэтому сама является клинически значимым фактором риска нарушения углеводного обмена. Результаты исследования HAPO показали, что ранее используемые критерии диагностики ГСД требуют пересмотра. Необходимы единые стандарты диагностики и лечения нарушений углеводного обмена во время беременности. Понятия "сахарный диабет", "манифестный (впервые выявленный) СД во время беременности" и непосредственно "ГСД" требуют четкой клинико-лабораторной дефиниции. Кроме того, ГСД является фактором риска развития ожирения, СД 2-го типа и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у матери и потомства в будущем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic fetopathy</kwd><kwd>macrosomia</kwd><kwd>gestosis</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая фетопатия</kwd><kwd>макросомия</kwd><kwd>гестоз</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hod M., Carrapato M. Diabetes and Pregnancy Evidence Based Update and Guidelines (Working group on Diabetes and pregnancy). Prague 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lapolla A., Dalfrà M., Bonomo M. Gestational diabetes mellitus in Italy: a multicenter study. 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