<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31594</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pathogenetic approaches to treating constipations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патогенетические подходы к лечению запоров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzina</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузина</surname><given-names>Е В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>el.luz@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО "Читинская государственная медицинская академия"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 86, NO8 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 86, №8 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31594">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31594</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Constipation affects 15-25% of people. Its mechanisms are various. There are constipations due to intestinal dyskinesia (functional constipation, irritated bowel syndrome), slow transit (colonic inertia), and muscular apparatus discoordination ensuring defecation (dyssynergic defecation). The treatment of different types of constipation uses prokinetics (type 4 serotonin receptor agonists, chlorine channels activators and guanylate cyclase C channel activators) or spasmolytics, among which pinaverium bromide (dicetel) has demonstrated its high efficacy. Biofeedback therapy or surgical techniques may be used. There is a need to prescribe laxatives in any type of constipation. A pathogenetic approach to treating constipation is most efficient. The paper characterizes stimulant, osmotic, volume, and emollient laxatives and agents stimulating the urge to defecate. It also gives the data of meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of different drug groups. Particular emphasis is laid of the effect of lactulose and its first preparation - duphalac.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аннотация. Запорами страдает 15-25% населения. Механизмы формирования запоров различны. Выделяют запоры вследствие дискинезии кишечника (функциональный запор, синдром раздраженного кишечника), вследствие медленного транзита (инертная толстая кишка), вследствие нарушения координации мышечного аппарата, обеспечивающего дефекацию (диссинергическая дефекация). При лечении различных вариантов используются прокинетики (агонисты рецепторов серотонина 4-го типа - 5НТ4, активатор каналов хлора и гуанилатциклазы С) или спазмолитики, среди которых высокую эффективность продемонстрировал пинаверия бромид (дицетел). Возможно применение терапии, основанной на формировании биологической обратной связи или хирургических методов. При любом виде запора возникает необходимость назначения слабительных средств. Патогенетический подход к лечению запоров является наиболее рациональным. В статье дана характеристика стимулирующих, осмотических, объемных слабительных, размягчителей стула и возбуждающих позыв на дефекацию. Приведены данные метаанализов по оценке эффективности различных групп препаратов. Особое внимание уделено действию лактулозы и первому препарату лактулозы - дюфалаку.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>constipations</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>laxatives</kwd><kwd>lactulose</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запоры</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>слабительные препараты</kwd><kwd>лактулоза</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Парфенов А.И. Три варианта патогенеза и терапии хронического запора. Экспер и клин гастроэнтерол 2012; 3: 7-19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tarig S.H. Constipation in Long-Term Care. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2007; 8: 209-218.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Pohl D., Tutuian R., Fried M. Pharmacologic treatment of constipation: what is new? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008; 8 (6): 724-728.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Белоусова Е.А., Никулина И.В. Принципы выбора слабительных средств у разных категорий больных запором. Фарматека 2009; 2: 48-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Drossman D.A. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Rome III Process. Gastroenterology 2006; 130 (5): 1377-1390.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ault A. Zelnorm pulled off the shelf due to possible cardiovascular risk signal. Family Practice News 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Camilleri M., Van Outryve M.J., Beyens G. et al. Clinical trial: The efficacy of open-label prucalopride treatment in patients with chronic constipation - follow-up of patients from the pivotal studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1113-1123.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ford A.C., Suares N.C. Effect of laxatives and pharmacological therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2011; 60 (2): 209-218.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Маев И.В., Вьючнова Е.С., Лебедева Е.Г. и др. Хронический запор, подходы к постановке диагноза и лечению Фарматека 2011; 12: 74-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Wilkins T., Pepitone C., Alex B., Schade R.R. Diagnosis and Management of IBS in Adults. Am Fam Physician 2012; 86 (5): 419-426.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Poynard T., Regimbeau C., Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 355-361.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Белоусова Е.А., Никитина Н.В., Мишуровская Т.С., Черногорова М.В. Пинаверия бромид (Дицетел) при синдроме раздраженного кишечника. Фарматека 2010; 15: 105-108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Han E.C., Oh H.K., Ha H.K. et al. Favorable surgical treatment outcomes for chronic constipation with features of colonic pseudoobstuction. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18 (32): 4441-4446.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Rao S.S., Seaton K., Miller M. et al. Randomized controlled trial of biofeedback, sham feedback, and standard therapy for dyssynergic defecation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 331-338.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Tack J., Muller-Lissner S. Treatment of chronic constipation: current pharmacologic approaches and future directions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7 (5): 502-508.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Mueller-Lissner S., Kamm M.A., Wald A. et al. Multicenter 4-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of sodium picosulfate in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 897-903.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bruckert E., Rosenbaum D. Lowering LDL-cholesterol through diet: Potential role in the statin era. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22: 43-48.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Pare P. The approach to diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation: Suggestions for a general practitioner. Can J Gastroenterol 2011; (Suppl B): 36B-40B.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Полуэктова Е.А., Кучумова С.Ю., Шептулин А.А., Ивашкин В.Т. Лечение синдрома раздраженного кишечника с позиций современных представлений о патогенезе заболевания. РЖГГК 2013; 1: 57-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Liu L.W.C. Chronic constipation: Current treatment options. Can J Gastroenterol 2011; 25 (Suppl B): 22B-28B.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Сhen X., Zhai X., Kang Z., Sun X. Lactulose: an effective preventive and therapeutic option for ischemic stroke by production of hydrogen. Med Gas Res 2012; 2: 3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Ерофеев Н.П., Радченко В.Г., Селиверстов П.В. Клиническая физиология толстой кишки. Механизмы действия короткоцепочечных жирных кислот а норме и при патологии. Ст-Петербург: Форте Принт 2012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Panesar P.S., Kumari S. Lactulose: production, purification and potential applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29 (6): 940-948.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Pare P., Bridges R., Champion M.C. et al. Recommendations on chronic constipation (including constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome) treatment. Can J Gastroenterol 2007; 21 (Suppl B): 3B-22B.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Boisson J. Trial with duphalac (lactulose) for the withdrawal of irritant laxatives. Results of a double-blind, multicentre clinical trial involving patients whose irritant laxatives were withdrawn overmight. Le Concours Medical 1991; 1-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Chmielewska A., Szajewska H. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials: Probiotics for functional constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 69-75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Li S.R., Wang H.H., Wu Z.Y. et al. Efficacies of lactulose plus live combined Bacillus Subtilis and Enterococcus Faecium Capsules in the treatment of functional constipation: a multicenter, randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 92 (42): 2955-2960.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
