<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The specific features of hypertension and the choice of treatment policy in old women</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности течения артериальной гипертонии и выбор тактики терапии у женщин старшего возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podzolkov</surname><given-names>V I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подзолков</surname><given-names>В И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>podzolkov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragina</surname><given-names>A E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагина</surname><given-names>А Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anna.bragina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>T I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>T7-Nikitina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РМАПО, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 85, NO9 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 85, №9 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31367">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31367</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper discusses the specific features of the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases, which depend on the age and hormonal status of women. Despite common principles in the antihypertensive treatment of male and female hypertensive patients, the latter have higher rates of adverse reactions from some medications, on the one hand, and special indications for the use of drugs, such as diuretics, on the other hand.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аннотация. В работе обсуждаются особенности строения и функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, которые зависят от возраста и гормонального статуса у женщин. Несмотря на общность принципов антигипертензивной терапии у больных артериальной гипертонией у мужчин и женщин, для последних характерны, с одной стороны, более высокая распространенность побочных эффектов некоторых препаратов, с другой - наличие особых показаний к приему препаратов таких групп, как диуретики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>diuretics</kwd><kwd>indapamide retard.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертония</kwd><kwd>женщины</kwd><kwd>диуретики</kwd><kwd>индапамид-ретард</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Population ageing and development 2009, WHO Department of economic and social affairs, population division. Available at www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ageing/ageing2009.htm.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Оганов Р.Г., Масленникова Г.Я. Гендерные различия кардиоваскулярной патологии. Кардиоваск тер и проф 2012; 11: 101-104.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Mosca L., Banka C.L., Benjamin E.J. et al. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: 2007 Update. Circulation 2007; 115: 1481-1501.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Mosca L., Benjamin E.J., Berra K., Bezanson J.L. et al. Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women - 2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123: 1243-1262.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Collins P., Rosano G., Casey C. et al. Management of cardiovascular risk in the perimenopausal women: a consensus statement of European cardiologist and gynaecologist. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2028-2024.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Чазова И.Е., Сметник В.П., Балан В.Е. и др. Ведение женщин с сердечно-сосудистым риском в пери- и постменопаузе: консенсус российских кардиологов и гинекологов. Consilium Medicum 2008; 6: 5-18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Brown M.A., Chang R.J. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical and Imaging Features. Ultrasound Q 2007; 23 (4): 233-238.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Беляков Н.А., Сеидов Г.Б., Чубриева С.Ю., Глухов Н.В. Метаболические нарушения при синдроме поликистозных яичников у женщин репродуктивного возраста. В кн.: Метаболический сидром у женщин (патофизиология и клиника). СПб.: Издательский дом СПбМАПО 2005: 121-206.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Chasan-Taber L., Willett W.C., Manson J.A.E. et al. Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States. Circulation 1996; 94: 483-489.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kittner S.J., Stern B.J., Feeser B.R. et al. Pregnancy and the risk of stroke. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 768 -774.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Любченко Н.В. Отдаленные результаты гистерэктомии, произведенной в репродуктивном возрасте и коррекция с помощью ЗГТ: Дис. ... канд. мед. наук. М 2000; 197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Luoto R., Kaprio J., Reunanen A., Rutanen E.M. Cardiovascular morbidity in ration to ovarian function after hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85 (4): 515-522.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Howard B.V., Kuller L., Langer R. et al. Risk after cardiovascular disease by hysterectomy status, with or without oophorectomy. The Women's Health Initiative Observation Study. Circulation 2005; 111 (2): 1462-1470.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Брагина А.Е., Никитина Т.И., Подзолкова Н.М. Гистерэктомия как звено сердечно-сосудистого континуума. Кардиоваск тер и проф 2010; 3: 73-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Oparil S., Miller A.P. Gender and blood pressure. J Clin Hypertens 2005; 7: 300-309.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ashraf M.S., Vongpatanasin W. Estrogen and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2006; 8: 368-376.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Reckelhoff J.F. Gender differences in the regulation of blood pressure. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1199-1208.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Брагина А.Е., Родионова Ю.Н., Панферова Е.К. Гендерные особенности ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2010 ; 6 (3): С.306-310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Брагина А.Е., Родионова Ю.Н. Гендерные особенности концентрации лептина и внутрипочечной гемодинамики у больных эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией и ожирением. Системные гипертензии 2011; 2: 42-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Janssen I., Powell L.H., Kazlauskaite R., Dugan S.A. Testosterone and Visceral Fat in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Fat Patterning Study. Obesity 2010; 18: 604-610.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Маслова Н.П., Баранова Е.И. Гипертоническая болезнь у женщин. СПб: Издательство СПбГМУ 2000; 214.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Hermida R.C., Ayala D.E., Mojón A. et al. Differences Between Men and Women in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Thresholds for Diagnosis of Hypertension Based on Cardiovascular Outcomes Chronobiology International, Early Online: 2012: 1-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Брагина А.Е., Панферова Е.К. Состояние вегетативного статуса и его взаимосвязь с гуморальными факторами у женщин в перименопаузе. Системные гипертензии. 2010; 4: 62-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Smulyan H., Asmar R.G., Rudnicki A. et al. Comparative effects of aging in men and women on the properties of the arterial tree. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1374-1380.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Safar M.E., Smulyan H. Hypertension in women. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 82-87.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Rossi P., Francès Y., Kingwell B.A., Ahimastos A.A. Gender differences in artery wall biomechanical properties throughout life. J Hypertens 2011; 29 (6): 1023-1033.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Leonetti G., Cuspidi C., Facchini M. et al. Is systolic pressure a better target for antihypertensive treatment than diastolic pressure? J Hypertens 2000; 18 (Suppl. 3): 13-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Neaton J.D., Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152 (1): 56-64.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Rothwell P.M. Limitation of the usual blood pressure hypothesis and importance of variability, instability, and episodic hypertension. Lancet 2010; 375 (9718): 938-948.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Мамедов М.Н., Оганов Р.Г. Эпидемиологические аспекты метаболического синдрома. Кардиология 2004; 9: 15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Кисляк О.А., Стародубов А.В., Хаутиева Ф.М., Копелев А.А. Инфаркт миокарда у женщин с избыточной массой тела и ожирением. Consilium Medicum 2010; 12 (10): 26-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Levitzky Y.S., Pencina M.J., D'Agostino R.B. et al. Impact of impaired fasting glucose on cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51 (3): 264-270.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pyörälä K., Lehto S., De Bacquer D. et al. Risk factor management in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Findings from the EUROASPIRE I AND II surveys. Diabetologia 2004; 47 (7): 1257-1265.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Mucha L., Stephenson J., Morandi N., Dirani R. Meta-analysis of disease risk associated with smoking, by gender and intensity of smoking. Gend Med 2006; 3: 279-291.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Perk J., De Backer G., Gohlke H. et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1635-1701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Брагина А.Е., Родионова Ю.Н., Панферова Е.К. Артериальная гипертензия у женщин. Есть ли основания для особой тактики лечения? Consilium Medicum 2009; 11(5): 49-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Hayward C.S., Kalnins W.V., Kelly R.P. Gender-related differences in left ventricular chamber function. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 49 (2): 340-350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Hammond I.W., Devereux R.B., Alderman M.H. et al. The prevalence and correlates of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy among employed patients with uncomplicated hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 639-650.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Kannel W.B. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor: the Framingham experience. J Hypertens 1991; 9 (Suppl 2): S3-S9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Os I., Oparil S., Gerdts E. et al. Essential hypertension in women. Blood Press 2004; 13: 272-278.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Lloyd-Jones D.M., Larson M.G., Leip E.P. et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2002; 106: 3068-3072.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Chung A.K., Das S.R., Leonard D. et al. Women have higher left ventricular ejection fractions than men independent of differences in left ventricular volume: the Dallas Heart Study. Circulation 2006; 113 (12): 1597-1604.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Regitz-Zagrosek V., Brokat S., Tschope C. Role of gender in heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 49 (4): 241-251.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Фомина И.Г., Брагина А.Е., Гайдамакина Н.Е., Салимжанова Ю.Н. Почечная гемодинамика и клубочковая фильтрация у больных гипертонической болезнью в возрасте 40-60 лет. Рацион тер в кардиол 2007; 5: 69-72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Ford E.S., Giles W.H., Dietz W.H. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287: 356-359.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Lloyd-Jones D.M., Evans J.C., Levy D. Hypertension in adults across the age spectrum: current outcomes and control in the community. JAMA 2005; 294: 466-472.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Чазова И.Е., Фомин В.В., Разуваева М.А., Вигдорчик А.В. Эпидемическая характеристика резистентной и неконтролируемой артериальной гипертонии РЕГАТА-ПРИМА. Системные гипертензии 2010; 3: 34-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Оганов Р.Г., Ольбинская Л.И., Смулевич А.Б. и др. Депрессии и расстройства депрессивного спектра в общемедицинской практике. Результаты программы КОМПАС. Кардиология 2004; 1: 48-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Mosca L., Hammond G., Mochari-Greenberger H. et al. Fifteen-Year Trends in Awareness of Heart Disease in Women Results of a 2012 American Heart Association National Survey. Circulation. published online February 19, 2013; available at http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/02/19/CIR.0b013e318287cf2f</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>La Puerta P., L'Italien G.J. Awareness, treatment, and control of systolic blood pressure in the United States. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12 (Pt 2): 92A.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Seeland U., Regitz-Zagrosek V. Sex and gender differences in cardiovascular drug therapy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2012; 214: 211-236.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Raz L., Miller V.M. Considerations of sex and gender differences in preclinical and clinical trials. In: Regitz-Zagrosek V. (ed). Sex and gender differences in pharmacology. Heidelberg: Springer 2012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Blauwet L.A., Redberg R.F. The role of sex-specific results reporting in cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Rev 2007; 15 (6): 275-278.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Tipnis S.R., Hooper N.M., Hyde R. et al. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275 (33): 238-243.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Spoletini I., Vitale C., Malorni W., Rosano G.M.C. Sex differences in drug effects: interaction with sex hormones in adult life. In: Regitz-Zagrosek V. (ed). Sex and gender differences in pharmacology. Heidelberg: Springer 2012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Waxman D.J., Holloway M.G. Sex differences in the expression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76: 215-228.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Lee S.Y., Oh S.J., Yun K.U. et al. Expression of hepatic and ovarian cytochrome P450 during estrous cycle in rats. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86: 75-85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis C.E., Grandits G.A., Flack J. et al. Efficacy and tolerance of antihypertensive treatment in men and women with stage 1 diastolic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 377-385.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Martin R.M., Biswas P.N., Freemantle S.N. et al. Age and sex distribution of suspected adverse drug reactions to newly marketed drugs in general practice in England: analysis of 48 cohort studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 505-511.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Regitz-Zagrosek V. Therapeutic implications of the gender-specific aspects of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5: 425-438.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Lonn E., Roccaforte R., Yi Q. et al. Effects of long-term therapy with ramipril in high risk women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 693-702.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Dahlof B., Dereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Mackay F.J., Pearce G.L., Mann R.D. Cough and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: cause or confounding? Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47: 111-114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Strocchi E., Malini P.L., Valtancoli G. et al. Cough during treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Analysis of predisposing factors. Drug Invest 1992; 4: 69-72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Vaclavic J., Sedlac R., Jarlovsky J. et al. Effect of spironolactone in patients with resistant arterial hypertension in relation to age and sex: insights from the aspirant trial. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palasky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 7: 1-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Pitt B., Zannad F., Remme W.J. et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 709-717.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Pitt B., Remme W., Zannad F. et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Jochmann N., Stangl K., Garbe E. et al. Female-specific aspects in the pharmacotherapy of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1585-1595.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>MERIT-HF Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353: 2001-2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Packer M., Bristow M.R., Cohn J.N. et al. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1349-1355.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Simon T., Mary-Krause M., Funck-Brentano C., Jaillon P. Sex differences in the prognosis of congestive heart failure: results from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS II). Circulation 2001; 103: 375-380.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Ghali J.K., Pina I.L., Gottlieb S.S. et al. Metoprolol CR/XL in female patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol Extended-Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Circulation 2002; 105: 1585-1591.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Labbe L., Sirois C., Pilote S. et al. Effect of gender, sex hormones, time variables and physiological urinary pH on apparent CYP2D6 activity as assessed by metabolic ratios of marker substrates. Pharmacogenetics 2000; 10: 425-438.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Luzier A.B., Killian A., Wilton J.H. et al. Gender-related effects on metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66: 594-601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Kendall M.J., Quarterman C.P., Jack D.B., Beeley L. Metoprolol pharmacokinetics and the oral contraceptive pill. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 14: 120-122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Thawornkaiwong A., Preawnim S., Wattanapermpool J. Upregulation of b1-adrenergic receptors in ovariectomized rat hearts. Life Sci 2003; 72: 1813-1824.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Cotreau M.M., von Moltke L.L., Greenblatt D.J. The influence of age and sex on the clearance of cytochrome P450 3A substrates. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44: 33-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Krecic-Shepard M.E., Park K., Barnas C. et al. Race and sex influence clearance of nifedipine: results of a population study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 68: 130-142.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Rademaker M. Do women have more adverse drug reactions? Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2: 349-351.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Wassertheil-Smoller S., Anderson G., Psaty B. M. et al. Hypertension and its treatment in postmenopausal women: baseline data from the Womenȼs Health Initiative. Hypertension 2000; 36: 780-789.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group, Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA 2000; 288: 2981-297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Rosenthal T., Oparil S. Hypertension in women. J Hypertens 2000; 14 (10-11): 691-704.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Felson D.T., Sloutskis D., Anderson J.J. et al. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture. Results from the Framingham Study. JAMA 1991; 265 (3): 370-373.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Schoofs M.W., van der Klift M., Hofman A. et al. Thiazide diuretics and the risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 476-482.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Calhoun D.A., Oparil S. Gender and blood pressure. In: Hypertension primer. Izzo J.L., Black H.R. (eds). Dallas 2003: 253-257.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>Werner D., Werner U., Meybaum A. et al. Determinants of steady-state torasemide pharmacokinetics: impact of pharmacogenetic factors, gender and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008; 47: 323-332.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>Cerrutti J.A., Quaglia N.B., Brandoni A., Torres A.M. Effects of gender on the pharmacokinetics of drugs secreted by the renal organic anions transport systems in the rat. Pharmacol Res 2002; 45: 107-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>Brandoni A., Villar S.R., Torres A.M. Gender-related differences in the pharmacodynamics of furosemide in rats. Pharmacology 2004; 70: 107-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>Werner U., Werner D., Heinbuchner S. et al. Gender is an important determinant of the disposition of the loop diuretic torasemide. J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 50: 160-168.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Z., Vaughn D.A., Fanestil D.D. Influence of gender on renal thiazide diuretic receptor density and response. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994; 5: 1112-1119.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>Turner S.T., Schwartz G.L., Chapman A.B., Boerwinkle E. WNK1 kinase polymorphism and blood pressure response to a thiazide diuretic. Hypertension 2005; 46: 758-765.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>Baguet J.P., Robitail S., Boyer L. et al. A meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducting blood pressure. Am J Cradiovasc Drugs 2005; 5 (2): 131-140.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>Чазова И.Е., Мычка В.Б. Окончательные результаты программы МИНОТАВР (пациенты с Метаболическим сИНдрОмом - эффекТивность и переносимость Арифона ретард В лечении аРтериальной гипертонии). Consilium medicum 2006; 8 (11): 11-15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>Кобалава Ж.Д., Котовская Ю.В., Верещагина Г.Н. и др. Эффективность и переносимость индапамида при лечении артериальной гипертонии у больных пожилого возраста (результаты многоцентрового открытого несравнительного исследования в рамках Российской научно-практической программы АРГУС). Кардиология 2002; 7: 25-35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>Сайгитов Р.Т., Глезер М.Г. Применение индапамида с контролируемым высвобождением у больных с артериальной гипертензией: метаанализ и сопоставление результатов российских и зарубежных открытых исследований. Пробл женск здор 2009; 4: 5-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Gosse P., Sheridan D. J., Zannad F. et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1465-1475.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>Marre M., Puig J.G., Kokot F. еt al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR study. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 1613-1622.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>London G., Asmar R., Schmieder R., Calvo C. Antihypertensive efficacy of Indapamide SR vs candesartan and amlodipine in hypertensive patients in isolated hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17 (5): 183А.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>Weidmann P. Metabolic profile of indapamide sustained-release in patients with hypertension: data from three randomized double-blind studies. Drug Saf 2001; 24 (15): 1155-1165.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>Kuo S.W., Pei-Dee, Hung Y.J. et al. Effect of indapamide SR in the treatment of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16 (8): 623-628.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B101"><label>101.</label><mixed-citation>Tran K., Ho C., Noorani H.Z. et al. Thiazide diuretics as first-line treatment for hypertension: meta-analysis and economic evaluation. Health Thecnology Assessment (HTA) Database, 2007. http://cadth.ca/en/products/health-technology-assessment/ publication/776.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B102"><label>102.</label><mixed-citation>Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E. et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl JMed 2008; 358: 1887-1898.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B103"><label>103.</label><mixed-citation>Подзолков В.И., Можарова Л.Г., Хомицкая Ю.В. Менопаузальный метаболический синдром после гистерэктомии. Кардиоваск тер и проф 2005; 4: 76-81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B104"><label>104.</label><mixed-citation>Van Wijk B.L., Klungel O.H., Heerdink E.R., de Boer A. Generic substitution of antihypertensive drugs: does it affect adherence? Ann Pharmacother 2006; 40 (1): 15-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B105"><label>105.</label><mixed-citation>Глезер М.Г., Сайгитов Р.Т. Сравнительный анализ эффективности диуретиков в терапии артериальной гипертонии у женщин. Результаты исследования АФИНА. Пробл женск здор 2009; 2: 5-16.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
