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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current approach to therapy for male infertility in patients with varicocele</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современный подход к терапии мужского бесплодия у больных с варикоцеле</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamidov</surname><given-names>S I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамидов</surname><given-names>С И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>R I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>Р И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>riododc@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A Iu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkhagapsoeva</surname><given-names>R A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхагапсоева</surname><given-names>Р А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izhbaev</surname><given-names>S Kh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ижбаев</surname><given-names>С Х</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ "Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова" Минздравсоцразвития России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО "Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова" Минздравсоцразвития России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 84, NO10 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 84, №10 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31129">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/31129</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To improve the results of treatment for male infertility in patients with varicocele and to evaluate the efficiency of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed by the same surgeon in a large group of patients. Subjects and methods. 1127 infertile males aged 22 to 52 years (mean 29.6±9.2 years) with varicocele were examined. An analysis of the patients' presenting complaints, collection of history data, examinations, spermogram studies, mixed agglutination reaction (MAR) test, ultrasonography and Doppler study of the scrotum, estimation of blood hormone and inhibin B levels, and genetic studies (karyotype, azoospermia factor (AZF), cystic fibrosis gene) were done. The analysis excluded 193 patients with other causes of infertility. 728 patients underwent uni- and bilateral microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy according to the Marmar procedure modified by the authors, 107 had spermatogenesis stimulation (clomiphene citrate, vitamins A and E, selenium, L-carnitine, pentoxifylline, antioxidants) for 3-6 months; 56 patients were untreated. The follow-up period was 3-12 months depending on the efficiency of treatment. Control examination was made every 3 months. Results. After microsurgical varicocelectomy, there were increases in the concentration of spermatozoa from 8.8±7.2 to 23.2±7.9 mln/ml and their active motility from 7.2±5.4 to 31.2±5.2% (category A); the proportion of abnormal sperm forms (Kruger morphology) reduced from 95.4±5 to 87.8±8.3%. The patients with azoospermia (n=39), spermatozoa appeared in 46.2% of cases; 52.8% of the patients with complete teratozoospermia (n=36) exhibited morphologically normal sperm postoperatively (unlike the results of treatment in the comparison groups). Higher sperm concentrations were observed after both microsurgical varicocele and empirical stimulation of spermatogenesis in 69.9 and 29.9% of the patients, respectively. Spontaneous conception occurred in the partners of 47.1% of the males after microsurgical varicocele, 21.5% of those after drug stimulation, and 3.6% of those untreated. Conclusion. Microsurgical varicocele is the most effective and safe treatment option for male infertility in patients with varicocele. Its effect far exceeds the results of drug stimulation of spermatogenesis and those of the follow-up. It lies in a rapid and significant improvement in spermatogenic parameters just 3-6 months after surgery and further continues to increase. This gives rise to spontaneous pregnancy in about 50% of the infertile couples within a year postsurgery. Microsurgical varicocele may be recommended not only as the gold standard surgical treatment for varicocele, but also for the therapy of male infertility in these patients. At the same time, prior to surgical treatment for varicocele, one should rule out all other causes of male infertility and female factor (particularly tubal one).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Резюме. Цель исследования. Улучшение результатов лечения мужского бесплодия у больных с варикоцеле и оценка эффективности микрохирургической варикоцелэктомии. Материалы и методы. Обследовали 1127 бесплодных мужчин с варикоцеле в возрасте от 22 до 52 лет (в среднем 29,6±9,2 года). Провели анализ жалоб, сбор анамнеза, осмотр, исследования спермограммы, МАR-тест, ультразвуковое исследование и допплерографию органов мошонки, оценку уровня гормонов в крови, ингибина В, генетические исследования (кариотип, AZF-фактор, ген муковисцидоза). Из анализа исключены 193 больных с другими причинами бесплодия. У 728 больных выполнена микрохирургическая субингвинальная варикоцелэктомия по Мармару в собственной модификации (одно- или двусторонняя), 107 - стимуляция сперматогенеза (кломифен цитрат, витамины А, Е, селен, L-карнитин, пентоксифиллин, антиоксиданты) в течение 3-6 мес; 56 больных лечение не получали. Длительность наблюдения составила от 3 до 12 мес в зависимости от эффективности лечения. Каждые 3 мес проводили контрольное обследование. Результаты. После микрохирургической варикоцелэктомии наблюдалось увеличение концентрации сперматозоидов с 8,8±7,2 до 23,2±7,9 млн/мл, активной подвижности (категория А) с 7,2±5,4 до 31,2±5,2%, доля патологических форм сперматозоидов (морфология по Крюгеру) сократилась с 95,4±5 до 87,8±8,3%. У больных с азооспермией (n=39) появились сперматозоиды в 46,2% случаев, у 52,8% больных с полной тератозооспермией (n=36) получены морфологически нормальные сперматозоиды после операции (в отличие от результатов лечения в группах сравнения). Увеличение концентрации сперматозоидов наблюдалось как после микрохирургической варикоцелэктомии, так и после эмпирической стимуляции сперматогенеза - у 69,9 и 29,9% больных соответственно. Спонтанная беременность наступила у партнерш 47,1% мужчин после микрохирургической варикоцелэктомии, 21,5% - после лекарственной стимуляции и 3,6% - без лечения. Заключение. Микрохирургическая варикоцелэктомия является наиболее эффективным и безопасным методом лечения мужского бесплодия у больных с варикоцеле. Ее эффект значительно превосходит результаты лекарственной стимуляции сперматогенеза и динамического наблюдения. Он заключается в быстром и достоверном улучшении показателей сперматогенеза уже через 3-6 мес после вмешательства и в дальнейшем продолжает нарастать. Это приводит к возникновению спонтанной беременности примерно у 50% бесплодных пар в течение года после операции. Микрохирургическую варикоцелэктомию можно рекомендовать не только в качестве "золотого стандарта" хирургического лечения варикоцеле, но и для терапии мужского бесплодия у таких больных. В то же время, прежде чем применять хирургические методы лечения варикоцеле, следует исключить все другие причины мужского бесплодия, а также женский фактор (особенно трубный).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>male infertility</kwd><kwd>varicocele</kwd><kwd>microsurgical varicocelectomy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мужское бесплодие</kwd><kwd>варикоцеле</kwd><kwd>микрохирургическая варикоцелэктомия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nagler H.M., Martinis F.G. Varicocele. In: Lipshultz LI, Howards S, editors. Infertility in the male. St. Louis (MO): Mosby Year Book 1997: 336-359.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Witt M.A., Lipshultz L.I. Varicocele: a progressive or static lesion? Urology 1993; 42 (5): 541-543.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Wong W.Y., Thomas C.M., Merkus J.M. et al. 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