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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30563</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic aspects of digestive diseases. Part 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические аспекты заболеваний органов пищеварения. Часть 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigor'eva</surname><given-names>Irina Nikolaevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр., лаб. гастроэнтерологии; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><email>igrigorieva@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>Tat'yana Mikhaylovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитенко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук., науч. сотр., лаб. гастроэнтерологии; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Vilenovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонов</surname><given-names>Александр Виленович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр., лаб. клинических, биохимических и гормональных исследований; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Tat'yana Ivanovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр., лаб. гастроэнтерологии; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>V N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>В Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhtshneyder</surname><given-names>Elena Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахтшнейдер</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук., ст. науч. сотр., лаб. молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеваний; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyutina</surname><given-names>Sof'ya Konstantinovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малютина</surname><given-names>Софья Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., лаб. этиопатогенеза и клиники внутренних заболеванийдир; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevoda</surname><given-names>Mikhail Ivanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воевода</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАМН, д-р. мед. наук., проф., зав. лаб. молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеванийдир; Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>I N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>T M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tikhonov</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>T I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>V N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shakhtshneider</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malyutina</surname><given-names>S K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Voyevoda</surname><given-names>M I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Учреждение РАМН Институт терапии СО РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>82</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2010)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 82, №2 (2010)</issue-title><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/30563">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/30563</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the data available in the literature on mutations in known genes in pancreatitis, such as cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI/SPINK1), cystic fibrosis (CFTR), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, as well as the new candidate gene - chymotrypsinogen (CTRC). It also gives the results of the authors' studies estimating the spread of the mutations in the PRSS1 (2.5%), PSTI/SPINK1 (3.3%), and CFTR (0.8%) genes, as well as APOE polymorphism in patients with pancreatitis. It is shown that the E4 allele of the APOE gene was more frequently identified in patients with acute pancreatitis than in those with chronic pancreatitis (0.143 ± 0.05 and 0.026 ± 0.02, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). An overview is given of 7 major classes of candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cholesterol cholelithiasis (CL): hepatic enzymes regulating blood lipid composition; receptors of lipoproteins, hepatic and intestinal membrane and intracellular transport proteins; factors regulating the transcription of lipids and bile salts, cholecystokinin and its receptors, and mucin. In the authors' epidemiological study, the spread of APOE alleles and genotypes did not differ in women with and without CL; low molecular-weight apolipoprotein(a) isoforms (B, S2) were significantly found in patients with CL than in those without CL; the spread of the CG genotype in the TRPM8 gene was significantly lower in women with cholesterol CL than that in the Novosibirsk population. These polymorphisms have been proved to be associated with bile cholesterol concentrations in women with cholesterol CL.
The opposite effect of the APOE4 allele on gallbladder stone formation processes is demonstrated, by using the APOE polymorphism as an example, which shows it necessary to examine each specific population to elicit a possible association between the polymorphism of different genes and gastrointestinal tract diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены данные литературы по мутациям известных генов при панкреатите - катионного трипсиногена (PRSS1), секретируемого поджелудочной железой ингибитора трипсина (PSTI/SPINK1), кистозного фиброза (CFTR), аполипопротеина Е (АРОЕ), а также нового гена-кандидата - химотрипсиногена (CTRC). Приведены результаты собственных исследований по оценке распространенности мутаций PRSS1 (2,5%), PSTI/SPINK1 (3,3%), CFTR (0,8%), а также полиморфизм АРОЕ у больных панкреатитом. Показано, что в группе больных с острым панкреатитом аллель Е4 гена АРОЕ встречался достоверно чаще, чем в группе пациентов с хроническим панкреатитом (0,143 ± 0,05 и 0,026 ± 0,02 соответственно; р &lt; 0,05). Дан обзор 7 основных классов генов-кандидатов, участвующих в патогенезе холестериновой желчнокаменной болезни (ЖКБ): печеночных ферментов, регулирующих липидный состав крови, рецепторов липопротеинов, печеночных и кишечных мембранных и внутриклеточных транспортных белков, факторов, регулирующих транскрипцию липидов и желчных солей, холецистокинина и его рецепторов и муцина. В нашем эпидемиологическом исследовании распространенность аллелей и генотипов АРОЕ не различалась у женщин с ЖКБ и без таковой, низкомолекулярные изоформы аполипопротеина (а)B, S2 у больных ЖКБ встречались достоверно чаще, чем у лиц без ЖКБ, у женщин с холестериновой ЖКБ распространенность генотипа C/ G гена TRPM8 достоверно ниже, чем в популяции Новосибирска. Доказана ассоциация этих полиморфизмов с концентрацией холестерина в желчи у женщин с холестериновой ЖКБ.
На примере полиморфизма АРОЕ показано противоположное влияние аллеля АРОЕ4 на процессы камнеобразования в желчном пузыре, что демонстрирует необходимость обследования каждой конкретной популяции для выявления возможной ассоциации между полиморфизмом различных генов и заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PSTI/SPINK1</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>TRPM8</kwd><kwd>polymorphisms of the PRSS1</kwd><kwd>PSTI/SPINK1</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>APOE</kwd><kwd>TRPM8 genes</kwd><kwd>pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизмы генов PRSS1</kwd><kwd>АРОЕ</kwd><kwd>панкреатит</kwd><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Landi S. Genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors to pancreatic cancer: A review of the literature. Mutat. 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