<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Terapevticheskii arkhiv</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапевтический архив</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2309-5342</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29944</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тромботическая тромбоцитопеническая пурпура: особенности диагностики и лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>L В</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>Л Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Городской гематологический центр ЦГБ № 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>А В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЦГКБ № 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городской гематологический центр ЦГБ № 7</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЦГКБ № 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2004-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO08 (2004)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 79, №8 (2004)</issue-title><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2004, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2004, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/29944">https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/29944</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p/></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura</kwd><kwd>plasm exchange</kwd><kwd>freshfrozen plasm</kwd><kwd>hemolytic- uremic syndrome</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромботическая тромбоцитопеническая пурпура</kwd><kwd>плазмообмен</kwd><kwd>свежезамороженная плазма</kwd><kwd>гемолитико-уремический синдром</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bellia M., Kontopoulou-Griva I. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnosis, pathophysiology, management. Haema 2001; 4 (3): 167-180.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Guidelines of the diagnosis and management of the thrombotic microangiopathic haemolytic anaemias. Br. J. Haematol. 2003; 120 (4): 556-573.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Lammle В., Furlan M. New insights into the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Hematology 1999. 243-248.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>McCrae K. R., Bussel J. В., Mannucci P. M. et al. Platelets: an update on diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenic disorders. Hematology 2001. 282-305.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>George J. N., Sadler J. £., Lammle B. Platelets: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Hematology 2002. 315-334.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rock G. A., Shumak К. Н., Buskard N. A. et al. Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Canadian Apheresis Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 325 (6): 393-397.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Bell W. R., Braine H. G., Ness P. M., Kikler T. A. Improved survival in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clinical experience in 108 patients. N. Engl.J. Med. 1991; 325 (6): 398-403.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>George J. N. How I treat patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Blood 2000; 96 (4): 1223-1229.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Bobbio-Pallavicini £., Gugliotta L., Centurioni R. et al. Antiplatelet agents in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), results of a Randomised Multicenter Trial by the Italian Cooperative Group for TTP. Haematologica 1997; 82(4): 429-435.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Dervenoulas /, Tsirigotis P., Bellas G. et al. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. A study of 44 cases. Acta Haematol. 2001; 105 (4): 204-208.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Шустваль Н. Ф., Егоров В. П., Разладова Е. П., Аювджи Т. И. Случай тромботической тромбоцитопенической пурпуры. Клин. мед. 1986; 64 (11): 128-130.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Теблоева Л. Т., Зверев Д. В., Цванг М. Б., Шумейко Н. К. Комплексная терапия тромботической тромбоцитопенической пурпуры. Педиатрия 1988; 67 (9): 46-48.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Гладышев П. Л., Сидельман К. Н., Пестриков О. И., Григоричева Е. А. Случай болезни Мошкович. Клин. мед. 1989; 67(9): 113-115.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Медведев П. В., Ливник А. В., Гласко Е. И., Прасолов Л. В. Описание случая тромботической тромбоцитопенической пурпуры. Пробл. гематол. 1998; 3: 46-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Баркаган 3. С, Елыкомов В. А., Каминская В. М. и др. Опыт успешного применения криосупернатантной фракции плазмы в терапии крайне тяжелой формы тромботической тромбоцитопенической пурпуры. Гематол. и трансфузиол. 1999; 5: 22-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Asada Y, Sumiyoshi A., Hayashi Т. et al. Immunohistochemis try of vascular lesion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, with special reference to factor VIII related antigen. Thromb. Res. 1985; 38 (5): 469-479.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Furlan M., Robles R., Lammle B. Partial purification and characterization of a protease from human plasma cleaving von Willebrand factor to fragments produced by in vivo proteolysis. Blood 1996; 87 (1): 4223-4234.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.-M. Physiologic cleavage of von Willebrand factor by a plasma protease is dependent on its conformation and requires calcium ion. Blood 1996; 87 (10): 4235-4244.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Furlan M., Robles R., Galbucera M. et al. Von Willebrand factorcleaving protease in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the hemolyticuremic syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 339(22): 1578-1584.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.-M., Lian E., Ch.-Y. Antibodies to von Willebrand factorcleaving protease in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 339 (22): 1585-1594.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gerritsen H. E., Robles R., Lammle В., Furlan M. Partial amino acid sequence of purified von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease. Blood 2001; 98 (6): 1654-1661.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Fujikawa K, Suzuki H., McMullen В., Chung D. Purification of human von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease and its identification as a new member of the metalloproteinase family. Blood 2001; 98 (6): 1662-1666.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng X., Chung D., Takayama Т. К. et al. Structure of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13), a metalloprotease involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276 (44): 41059-41063.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Blanchi V., Robles R., Alberto L. et al. Von Willebrand factorcleaving protease (ADAMTS13) in thrombocytopenic disorders: a severely deficient activity is specific for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2002; 100 (2): 710-713.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Studt J.-D., Kremer Hovinga A., Allberio L. et al. Von Wille brand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS-13) activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnostic experience 2001/2002 of a single research laboratory. Swiss. Med. Wkly 2003; 133 (23-24): 325-332.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.-M. Deficiency of ADAMTS13 and thrombotic throm- bocytopenic purpura. Blood 2002; 100 (10): 3839-3840.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Lammle В., Bianchi V., Alberio L., Furlan M. ADAMTS13 and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2002; 100 (10): 3840-3841.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Remuzzi G., Galbusera M.,Manucci P. M. ADAMTS13 in thrombotic microangiopathies. Blood 2002; 100 (10): 3842.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Elliott M., Nichols W. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolyticuremic syndrome. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2001; 76 (11): 1154-1162.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Баркаган З. С. Геморрагические заболевания и синдромы. М.: Медицина; 1988.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>MunizA. E., Barbee R. W. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) presenting as pancreatitis. J. Emerg. Med. 2003; 24 (4): 407-411.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Kathula S. K., Koduri J., Mall S., Chang J. С A case report of total abdominal hysterectomy resulting in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with pancreatitis and hepatitis: complete resolution with plasma exchange therapy. Ther. Apher. Dial. 2003; 7 (3): 373-374.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Ikhalaque N., Chang J. Thrombotic microangiopathy presenting as fulminanting rhabdomyolisis with multiorgan dysfunction. Hosp. Physician 2003; June: 51-56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Thompson С E., Damon L. E., Ries С A., Linker С. А. Thrombotic microangiopathies in the 1980s: clinical features, response to treatment, and the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Blood 1992; 80 (8): 1890-1895.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Meloni G., Proia A., Antonini G. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: prospective neurologic, neuroimaging and neurophysiologic evaluation. Haematologica 2001; 86 (11): 1194-1199.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Perelman S., Vilmer E., Bachelot C, Bourrillon A. Microangiopathic anaemia following thrombopenic purpura. Arch. Fr. Pediatr. 1993; 50 (8): 689-691.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Milone J., Napal J., Bordone J. et al. Complete response in severe thrombotic microangiopathy post Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT-TM) after multiple plasmaphereses. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998; 22 (10): 1019-1021.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Kanamori H., Takaishi Y, Takabayashi M. et al. Clinical significance of fragmented red cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Int. J. Hematol. 2003; 77 (2): 180-184.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Burns E. R., Lou Y., Pathak A. Morphologic diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am. J. Hematol. 2004; 75 (1): 18-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>George J. N., Vesely S. K. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: from the bench to the bedside, but not yet to the community. Ann. Intern. Med. 2003; 138 (2): 152-153.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Moake J. E. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 347 (8): 589-600.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Furlan M., Lammle B. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - new insights into underlying biochemical mechanisms. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2000; 15 (8): 1112-1114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.~M. Von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J. Mol. Med. 2002; 80 (10): 639-647.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Myers L. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-haemolytic uraemic syndromes: pathophysiology and management. Nephrol. Nurs. J. 2002; 29 (2): 171-180.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Proia A., Paesano R., Forcia F. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy: a case report and a review of the literature. Ann. Hematol. 2002; 81 (4): 210-214.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Perez-Sanchez L, Anguita J., Pintado T. Use of cyclophospha- mide in treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating systemic lupus erythematosus: report of two cases. Ann. Hematol. 1999; 78 (6): 285-287.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Gungor T, Furlan M., Lammle B. et al. Acquired deficiency of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease patient suffering from acute systemic lupus erithematosus. Rheumatology 2001; 40 (8): 940-942.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Yu T.-T., Fumg S. K.-Sh., Tsang W. K. et al. Refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a lupus nephritis patient. Hong Kong J. Nephrol. 2002; 4 (1): 51-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Schattner A., Friedman J., Klepfish A. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as an initial presentation of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Clin. Rheumatol. 2002; 21(1): 57-59.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Bennett Ch. L., Davidson Ch. J., Raisch D. W. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine in the setting coronary artery stents and stroke prevention. Arch. Intern. Med. 1999; 159 (21): 2524-2528.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Steinbubl St. R., Tan W. A., Foody J. M. et al. Incidence and clinical course of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to ticlopidine following coronary stenting. J. A. M. A. 1999; 281 (9): 806-810.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.-M., Rice L., Sarode R. et al. Antibody inhibitors to von Willebrand factor metalloproteinase and increased binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets in ticlopidine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000; 132 (10): 794-799.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Bennett Ch. L., Connors J. M., Carwile J. M. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with clopidogrel. N.Engl. J. Med. 2000; 342 (24): 1773-1777.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Zakarija A., Bandarenko N., Pandey D. K. et al. Clopidogrelassociated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): clinical characteristics and predictors of survival. Blood 2003; 102(11): abstr. 1977.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Kojouri K., Vesely S., George G. Quinine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome: frequency, clinical features, and long-term outcomes. Ann. Intern. Med. 2001; 135 (12): 1047-1051.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Chemnitz J. M., Schulz A., Salameh A. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Moschkowitz-Syndrome) caused by ticlopidine. Med. Klin. 2000; 95 (2): 96-100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Elliott M. A., Nichols W. L., Plumnoff E. A. et al. Posttransplantation thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a Single- Center experience and a contemporary review. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2003; 78 (4): 421-430.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Ruutu Т., Hermans J., Niederwieser D. et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a survey of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Br. J. Haematol. 2002; 118 (4): 1112-1129.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Knobl P., Rintelen P., Komek G. et al. Plasma exchange for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 1997; 23 (1): 44-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Zeigler Z. R., Shadduck R. K., Nemunaitis J. et al. Bone marrows transplant-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case series. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995; 15 (2): 247-253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Dunlas St., Todd Т. A., Stewart Al. I. et al. The Central Scotland Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Outbreak: risk factors for the hemolitic uremic syndrome and death among hospitalized patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001; 33 (7): 923-931.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>eiMhmed S., Siddiqui R. K., Siddiqui S. A. et al. HIV associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Postgrad. Med. J. 2002; 78 (923): 520-525.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Volberding P. A., Baker K. R., Levine A. M. Human immunodeficiency virus in hematology. Hematology 2003. 294-313.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Mash C, Peraldi M. N., Descenclos J. C. et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy and cytomegalovirus disease in patients in- fected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1997; 24 (3): 350-355.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Gonzalez N.. Rios £,. Martin-Noya A., Rodriguez J- M. TTP and bone marrow necrosis as a complication of gastric neoplasm. Haematologica 2002; 87 (1): ECR01.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Chang J. C, Naqvi T. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura associated with bone marrow metastatic and secondary mielofibrosis in cancer. Oncologist 2003; 8 (4): 375-380.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Roy V., Rizvi M. A., Vesely S. K., George G. N. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-like syndromes following bone marrow transplantation: an analysis of associated conditions and clinical outcomes. Bone Marrows Transplant. 2001; 27 (6): 641-646.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Coppo P., Busel A., Charrier S. et al. High-dose plasma infusion versus plasma exchange as early treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003; 82 (1): 27-38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Sgarabotto D., Vianello F., Scano F. et al. Clinical and laboratoristic remission after cryosupernatant plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Haematologica 1998; 83 (6): 569-570.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Bobbio-Pallavicini E., Porta C, Centurioni R. et al. Vincristine sulfate for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic pur pura refractory to plasma-exchange. The Italian Cooperative Group for TTP. Eur. J. Haematol. 1994; 52 (4): 222-226.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Ferrara F., Copia C, Annunziata M. et al. Vincristine as salvage treatment for refractory thrombotic tghrombocytopenic purpura. Ann. Hematoi. 1999; 78 (11): 521-523.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Allan D. S., Kovacs M. J., Clark W. F. Frequently relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy. Haematologica 2001; 86 (8): 844-850.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Chemnitz J-, Draube A., Scheid С et al. Successful treatment of severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Am. J. Hematoi. 2002; 71 (2): 105-108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Gutterman L. A., Kloster В., Tsai H.-M. Rituximab therapy for refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 2002; 28 (3): 385-391.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai H.-M., Shulman K. Rituximab induces remission of cerebral ischemia caused by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur. J. Haematol. 2003; 70 (3): 183-185.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng X., Pallera A. M., Goodnough L. T. et al. Remission of chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after treatment with cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Ann. Inern. Med. 2003; 138 (2): 105-108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Spiekermann K., Wormann A, Rumpf K. W., Hiddemann W. Combination chemotherapy with CHOP for recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br. J. Haematol. 1997: 97 (3): 544-546.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Musso M., Porretto F, Crescimanno A. et al. Successful treatment of resistant thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/ hemolytic uremic syndrome with autologous peripheral blood stem and progenitor (CD34") cell transplantation. Bone Mar row Transplant. 1999; 24 (2): 207-209.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Aqui N. A., Stein S. H., Konkle B. A. et al. Role of splenectomy in patients with refractory or relapsed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J. Clin. Apheres. 2003; 18 (2): 51-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Gervasoni C, Ridolfo A. L., Vaccarezza M. et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome before and during the era of introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2002; 35 (12): 1534-1540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Baldunini С Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: now is the time for clinical trials. Haematology 2000; 85 (4): 337- 338</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>George J. N, Vesely S. K., Terrell D. R. The Oklahoma Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (TTP-HUS) registry: a community perspective of patients with clinically diagnosed TTP-HUS. Semin. Hematoi. 2004; 41 (1): 60-67.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
