reviewgenespolymorphic markersvasoactive hormonesdiseases of the kidneysrenal hemodynamicsобзоргеныполиморфные маркерывазоактивные гормонызаболевания почекпочечная гемодинамика1.Mulrow P. J. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Can Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 1993; 2: 41-44.2.Jeunemaitre X., Soubrier F., Kotelevtsev Y. V. et al. Molecula basis of human hypertension: Role of angiotensinogen. Cel 1992; 71: 169-180.3.Inoue I., Nakajima Т., Williams C. S. et al. A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen is associ ated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcriptior in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99:1786-1797.4.Nishiuma S., Kario K., Kayaba K. et al. Effect of the angiotensinogen gene Met233 - Thr variant on blood pressure anc other cardiovascular risk factors in two Japanese Populations.J. Hypertens. 1995; 13: 717-722.5.Schmidt S., Sharma A. M., Zilch O. et al. Association ol M235T variant of the angiotensinogen gene with familial hypertension of early onset. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1995; 10: 1145-1148.6.Kunz R., Kreutz R., Beige J. et al. Association between the angiotensinogen 235T-variant and hypertension in Caucasians: A systematic review and methodological appraisal. Hypertension 1997; 30: 1331-1337.7.Fornage M., Turner S. Т., Sing C. et al. Variation at the M235T locus of the angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension: a population-based case-control study from Rochester, Minnesota. Hum. Genet. 1995; 96: 295-300.8.Fernandez-Llama P., Poch E., Oriola J. et al. Angiotensinogen gene M235T and T174M polymorphisms in essential hypertension: relation with target organ damage. Am. J. Hypertens. 1998; 11 (4, pt 1): 439-444.9.Katsuya Т., Koike G., Yee T. W. et al. Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1995; 345: 1600-1603.10.Pontremoli R., Ravera M., Viazzi F. et al. Genetic polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system and organ damage in essential hypertension. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 561-569.11.Beige J., Weber S., Engeli S. et al. Angiotensinogen-M235T genotype and post-transplant hypertension. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1996; 11: 1538-1541.12.Curtis J. J. Hypertension following kidney transplantation. Am.J. Kidney Dis. 1994; 23: 471-475.13.Hunley T. E., Julian B. A., Phillips J. A. et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism: potential silencer motif and impact on progression in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1996; 49: 571-577.14.Pei Y., Scholey J., Thai K. et al. Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with progression of immunoglobin A nephropathy in Caucasian patients. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 100 (4): 814-820.15.Buraczynska M., Jozwiak E., Spasiewicz D. et al. Renin-angiotensin system genes in chronic glomerulonephritis. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewnet. 2001; 105 (6): 455-460.16.Ong-Ajyooth S., Ong-Ajyooth L., Limmongkon A. et al. The renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and clinicopathological correlations in IgA nephropathy. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 1999; 82 (7): 681-689.17.Frishberg Y., Becker-Cohen R., Halle D. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and the outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children. Kidney Int. 1998; 54: 1843-1849.18.Baboolal K., Ravine D., Daniels J. et al. Association of the angiotensin 1 converting enzyme gene deletion polymorphism with early onset of ESRF in PKD1 adult polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 1997; 52: 607-613.19.Maruyama K., Yoshida M., Nisoo H. et al. Polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system genes in childhood IgA nephropathy. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2001; 16 (4): 350-355.20.Lovati E., Richard A., Frey B. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 2001; 60: 46-54.21.Rigat В., Hubert H., Corvol P., Soubrier F. PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCPI) (dipeptidil carboxipeptidase 1). Nucl. Acids Res. 1992; 20: 1433.22.Rigat В., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F. et al. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels.J. Clin. Invest. 1990; 86: 1343-1346.23.Ueda S., Elliott H. L., Morton J. J., Conned J. M. Enhanced pressor - response to angiotensin I in normotensive men with the deletion genotype (DD) for angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 1995; 25: 1266-1269.24.Zee R. Y. L., Lou Y., Griffiths L. R., Morris B. J. Association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene with essential hypertension. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992; 184: 9-15.25.Slmnkert H., Riegger G. Association between a deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and left ventricular hypertrophy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994; 330: 1634- 1638.26.Ludwig E., Cornell P. S., Anderson J. L. et al. Angiotensinconverting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction but not with development of coronary stenosis. Circulation 1995; 91: 2120-2124.27.Marre M., Bernadet P., Gallois Y. et al. Relationships between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism, plasma levels, and diabetic retinal and renal complication. Diabetes 1994; 43: 384-388.28.Samuelsson O., Attman P.-O., Larsson R. et al. Angiotensin Iconverting enzyme gene polymorphism in non-diabetic renal disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2000; 15: 481-486.29.Harden P. N., Geddes C., Rowe P. A. et al. Polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and progression of IgA nephropathy. Lancet 1995; 345: 1540-1542.30.Stratta P., Canavese C., Ciccone G. et al. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotype significantly affects progression of igA glomerulonephritis in an Italian population. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1999; 33 (6): 1071-1079.31.Asano Т., Tatsuma N., Yoshida J. et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and renal pathology in Japanese children with IgA nephropathy. Clin. Nephrol. 1999; 51 (6): 335-340.32.Tanaka R., lijima K., Murakami R. et al. ACE gene polymorphism in childhood IgA nephropathy: association with clinicopathologic findings. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1998; 31 (5): 774- 779.33.Syrjanen J., Huang X. H., Mustonen J. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Nephron 2000; 86 (2): 115-121.34.Lee D. Y., Kim W., Kang S. K. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Ibid. 1997; 77: 471-473.35.AI-Elisa A., Haider M. Z., Srivastva B. S. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in idiopatic nephrotic syndrome in Kuwqaiti Arab children. Scand. J. Urol Nephrol. 2001; 35 (3): 239-242.36.Beige J., Scherer S., Weber A. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and renal allograft survival. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1997; 8: 1319-1323.37.Beige J., Offermann G., Distier A., Sharma A. M. Angiotensinconverting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype and long-term renal allograft survival. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 1998- 13- 734-738.38.Konoshita Т., Miyagi К., Опое Т. et al. Effect of ACE gene polymorphism on age at renal death in polycystic kidney disease in Japan. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2001; 37 (1): 113-118.39.Schiavello Т., Burke V., Bogdanova N. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and the ACE Alu polymorphism in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2001; 16: 2323-2327.40.Akai K., Sato H., Iwano M. et al. Association of an insertion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with the activity of lupus nephritis. Clin. Nephrol. 1999; 51 (3): 141 - 146.41.Moland Y., Gal E., Magal N. et al. Renal outcome and vascular morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): lack of association with the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism. Semin. Arthr. Rheum. 2000; 30 (2): 132-137.42.Amoroso A., Danek G., Vatta S. et al. Polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and severity of renal disease in Henoch-Schoenlein patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1998; 13: 3184-3188.43.Moriyama Т., Kitamura H., Ochi S. et al. Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with susceptibility to antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients withproteinuria. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1995; 6 (6): 1676-1678.44.van der Kleij F. G., Navis G. J., Gansevoort R. T. et al. ACE polymorphism does not determine short-term renal response to ACE-inhibition in proteinuric patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1997; 12 (suppl. 2): 42-46.45.van Essen G. C., Rensma P. L., de Zeeuw D. et al. Association between angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and failure of renoprotective therapy. Lancet 1996; 347 (8994): 94-95.46.Perna A., Ruggenenti P., Testa A. et al. ACE genotype and ACE inhibitors induced renoprotection in chronic proteinuric nephropathies. Kidney Int. 2000; 57: 274-281.47.Bonnardeaux A., Daves E., Jeunemaitre X. et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms in human essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 24: 63-69.48.Benetos A., Gautier S., Ricard S. et al. Influence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms on aortic stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996: 94: 698-703.49.Tiret L., Bonnardeaux A., Poirier O. et al. Synergistic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensm-II type I receptor gene polymorphisms on risk of myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 334: 910-913.50.Miller J. A., Thai K., Scholy J. W. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism predicts response to losartan and angiotensin II. Kidney Int. 1999; 56 (6): 2173-2180.51.van Geel P. P., Pinto Y. M., Voors A. A. et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor Al 166C gene polymorphism is associated with an increased response to angiotensin II in human arteries. Hypertension 2000; 35 (3): 717-721.52.Buraczynska A., Jozwiak L., Spasiewicz D. et al. Renin-angiotensin system genes in chronic glomerulonephritis. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewnet. 2001; 105 (6): 455-460.53.Honda S., Morohashi K., Nomura M. et al. Ad4BP regulating steroidogenic P-450 gene is a member of steroid hormone receptor superfamily. J. Biol. Chem. 1993; 268: 7494-7502.54.Davies E., Holloway С. D., Ingram M. С. et al. Aldosterone excretion rate and blood pressure in essential hypertension are related to polymorphic differences in the aldosterone synthase gene CYPI1B2. Hypertension 1999; 33:703-707.55.Brand E., Chatelain N., Mulatero P. et al. Structural analysis and evaluation of the aldosterone synthase gene in hypertension. Ibid. 1998; 32: 198-204.56.Kupari M., Hautanen A., Lankinen L. et al. Associations between human aldosterone synthase (CYP111B2) gene polymorphisms and left ventricular size, mass, and function. Circulation 1998; 97: 569-575.57.Tamaki S., Iwai N., Tsujita Y., Kinoshita M. Genetic polymorphism of CYPUIB2 gene and hypertension in Japanese. Hypertension 1999; 33: 266-270.58.Vasku A., Soucek M., Znojil V. et al. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene interaction and prediction of essential hypertension. Kidney Int. 1998; 53: 1479-1482.59.Копе В. С. Localization and regulation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the kidney. Semin. Nephrol. 1999; 19:230-241.60.Baylis C., Mitruka В., Deng A. Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in the rat produces systemic hypertension and glomerular damage. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 90: 278-28161.Miyahara К., Kawamoto Т., Sase К. et al. Cloning and structural characterization of the human endothelial nitric-oxidesynthase gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994; 223: 712-726.62.Tsukada Т., Yokoyama K., Arai T. et al. Evidence of association of the ecNOS gene polymorphism with plasma NO metabolite levels in humans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998; 245: 190-193.63.Wang X. L., Sim A. S., Badenhop R. F. et al. A smoking dependent risk of coronary artery disease associated with a polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Nature Med. 1996; 2: 41-45.64.Ichihara S., Yamada Y., Fujimura T. et al. Association of a polymorphism of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene with myocardial infarction in the Japanese population. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 81: 83-86.65.Uwabo J., Soma M., Nakayama Т., Kanmatsuse K. Association of a variable number of tandem repeats in the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene with essential hypertension in Japanese. Am. J. Hypertens. 1998; 11 (1, pt 1): 125-128.66.Miyamoto Y., Saito Y., Kajiyama N. et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is positively associated with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32: 3-8.67.Wang Y., Kikuchi S., Suzuki H. et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism in intron 4 affects the progression of renal failure in non-diabetic renal disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1999; 14: 2898-2902.68.Asakimori Y., Yorioka N., Yamamoto I. et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase intron 4 polymorphism influences the progression of renal disease. Nephron 2001; 89 (2): 2(9-223.69.Burg M., Menne J., Ostendorf T. et al. Gene-polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Clin. Nephrol. 1997; 48 (4): 205-211.